磨

See also: 磿

磨	U+78E8, 磨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78E8

← 磧
[U+78E7]

CJK Unified Ideographs

磩 →
[U+78E9]

Translingual

Han character

磨 (radical 112 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 0026₁, composition ⿸麻石)

Derived characters

嚰, 𫾚, 𣟖, 礳, 𥽨, 耱, 𨇢, 𭍁, 饝, 𨟖, 蘑

References

KangXi: page 835, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2453, character 13
Unihan data for U+78E8

Chinese

simp. and trad.		磨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	mral, mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	maːl, maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	maːl, maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	maːls, mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): мә (I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nò
Min Nan (POJ): bôa / mô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: мә (I)
  - IPA ^(key): /mɤː²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mo⁴
  - Yale: mòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /mɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nò
  - Hakka Romanization System: noˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: no²
  - IPA: /no¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôa / mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: buâ / môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boaa, moo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bua²⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bua²⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bua¹³/, /mɔ̃¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bua²⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bua²³/, /mɔ̃²³/

Note:

bôa - vernacular;
mô͘ - literary.

Middle Chinese: /muɑ/▼

Rime
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫婆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/
Li Rong	/muɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ ma ›
Old Chinese	/*mˤaj/
English	rub, grind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
No.	8706
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	摩
Old Chinese	/*maːl/

Definitions

磨

to grind; to sharpen
to rub; to chafe
to wear away; to obliterate
to wear out; to wear down; to erode
to dawdle; to waste (time)
to pester; to plague (someone)

Compounds

Derived terms from 磨

一折一磨
不可磨滅／不可磨灭
切磋琢磨 (qiēcuōzhuómó)
刮垢磨光
博磨
好事多磨 (hǎoshìduōmó)
打磨
折磨 (zhémó)
拖磨
捱磨
擦拳磨掌
擦掌磨拳
昏鏡重磨／昏镜重磨
水磨工夫
水磨石
水磨調／水磨调
永不磨滅／永不磨灭
泡磨菇
消磨 (xiāomó)
球磨機／球磨机
琢磨 (zhuómó)
百世不磨
砂磨
研磨 (yánmó)
研磨機／研磨机 (yánmójī)
砥行磨名
磋磨
磨不開臉／磨不开脸
磨人
磨佗子
磨光
磨兌／磨兑
磨刀 (módāo)
磨刀石 (módāoshí)
磨刀霍霍
磨刻
磨削
磨功夫
磨勁兒／磨劲儿
磨勒
磨勘

磨博士
磨厲以須／磨厉以须
磨合羅／磨合罗
磨咕
磨喝樂／磨喝乐
磨嘴 (mózuǐ)
磨嘴皮
磨墨
磨它子
磨官
磨對／磨对
磨平
磨床
磨成
磨折
磨拖
磨拳擦掌
磨揉遷革／磨揉迁革
磨損／磨损 (mósǔn)
磨撐／磨撑
磨擔／磨担
磨擦 (mócā)
磨料
磨末器
磨杵成針／磨杵成针
磨治
磨洋工 (móyánggōng)
磨滅／磨灭
磨漆畫／磨漆画
磨煉／磨炼 (móliàn)
磨煩／磨烦
磨牙 (móyá)
磨牙手機／磨牙手机
磨盾之暇
磨石 (móshí)
磨砂玻璃
磨磚／磨砖
磨磚成鏡／磨砖成镜
磨磨
磨礪／磨砺 (mólì)
磨礪以須／磨砺以须

磨礱砥礪／磨砻砥砺
磨穿鐵硯／磨穿铁砚
磨笄
磨練／磨练
磨而不磷
磨耗 (móhào)
磨耗症
磨脊梁
磨舌頭／磨舌头
磨菇
磨蝎
磨蝕／磨蚀
磨變岩／磨变岩
磨賴／磨赖
磨趄子
磨跎
磨踵滅頂／磨踵灭顶
磨蹭 (mócèng)
磨轉／磨转
磨針溪／磨针溪
磨鍊／磨炼
磨鐵成針／磨铁成针
磨陀
磨難／磨难 (mónàn)
磨電燈／磨电灯
磨頂至踵／磨顶至踵
磨頭／磨头
磨駝／磨驼
礪吻磨距／砺吻磨距
突磨
結磨／结磨
羯磨 (jiémó)
耳鬢廝磨／耳鬓厮磨
臨陣磨槍／临阵磨枪 (línzhènmóqiāng)
起磨
都都磨磨
銷磨／销磨
鐵杵磨針／铁杵磨针
鐵硯磨穿／铁砚磨穿
阿毗達磨／阿毗达磨
鬧磨擦／闹磨擦

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mo
Min Nan (POJ): bō / mō͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mo⁶
  - Yale: moh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /mɔː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo
  - Hakka Romanization System: mo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mo⁴
  - IPA: /mo⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō
  - Tâi-lô: bō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bo³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bo²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bo⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
  - Tâi-lô: mōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /muɑ^H/▼

Rime
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	摸卧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa^H/
Li Rong	/muɑ^H/
Wang Li	/muɑ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mò
Middle Chinese	‹ ma^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mˤaj-s/
English	grinding stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
No.	8710
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*maːls/

Definitions

磨

Compounds

Derived terms from 磨

卸磨殺驢／卸磨杀驴
打旋磨
打獨磨／打独磨
打磨盤／打磨盘
打磨磨轉／打磨磨转
打篤磨／打笃磨
打篤磨槎／打笃磨槎
打都磨子
指山說磨／指山说磨
指山賣磨／指山卖磨
挨磨

推磨 (tuīmò)
水磨
油回磨轉／油回磨转
牛回磨轉／牛回磨转
石磨 (shímò)
磨不開／磨不开
磨叨
磨坊 (mòfáng)
磨子
磨官兒／磨官儿
磨房 (mòfáng)

磨扇墜手／磨扇坠手
磨旗
磨盤／磨盘 (mòpán)
磨豆腐 (mò dòufu)
礱磨／砻磨
篤磨／笃磨
轉磨／转磨
轉磨磨／转磨磨
風磨／风磨
鬼推磨

Japanese

Kanji

磨

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to polish
to grind
to brush (teeth)

Readings

Goon: ま (ma, Jōyō)
Kan’on: ば (ba)
Kun: みがく (migaku, 磨く, Jōyō)
Nanori: おさむ (osamu); きよ (kiyo); みがく (migaku)

Compounds

研 (けん)磨 (ま) (kenma)
磨滅 (まめつ) (mametsu)

Korean

Hanja

磨 • (ma) (hangeul 마)

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Vietnamese

Han character

磨 (ma, mài)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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