熊

See also: 態
熊 U+718A, 熊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-718A
← 熉
[U+7189] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 熋 →
[U+718B]

Translingual

Han character

熊 (radical 86, 火+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 戈心火 (IPF), four-corner 21331, composition ⿱能灬)

References

  • KangXi: page 679, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19294
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1090, character 32
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2227, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+718A

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 熊

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 熊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j22798

Transcribed ancient scripts

L30031
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷlɯm) : phonetic 能 (OC *nɯː, *nɯːs, *nɯːŋ, *nɯːŋʔ) + semantic 火 (“fire”).

This character originally represented an onomatopoetic word (see 熊熊). Later its phonetic compound 能, the character for the Old Chinese word "bear", was borrowed for another word. This character thus began to represent the word "bear" instead.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-wam.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hîm - vernacular;
  • hiông - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 熊
Mandarin Beijing /ɕyŋ³⁵/
Harbin /ɕyŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕyŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /ɕiŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ɕyuŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕyŋ²⁴/
Xining /ɕyə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕyŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ɕỹn⁵³/
Ürümqi /ɕyŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /ɕioŋ²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕyoŋ³¹/
Guiyang /ɕioŋ²¹/
Kunming /ɕiŋ³¹/
Nanjing /ɕioŋ²⁴/
Hefei /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦioŋ²³/
Suzhou /ɦioŋ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦioŋ²¹³/
Wenzhou /joŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕin⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ɕioŋ¹³/
Xiangtan /ɕin¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iuŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ²¹/
Nanning /juŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /huŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ³⁵/
/him³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /hyŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /xœyŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /him⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /hiɔŋ³¹/
Rime
Character 熊
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 東 (2)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羽弓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦɨuŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦiuŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣiuŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦuwŋ/
Li
Rong		 /ɣiuŋ/
Wang
Li		 /ɣĭuŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯uŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 熊
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 xióng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ hjuwng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.[ɢ]ʷ(r)əm/
English bear (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 熊
Reading # 1/1
No. 13906
Phonetic
component		 熊
Rime
group		 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 雄
Old
Chinese		 /*ɢʷlɯm/

Definitions

熊

  1. bear (mammal) (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 隻／只)
  2. (colloquial) to scold
  3. to oppress, to tyrannise
  4. mean; malicious; merciless
  5. loutish; oafish
  6. (slang) bear; a large, hairy man, especially homosexual one
  7. A surname​: Xiong (mainland China), Hsiung (Taiwan), Hung (Hong Kong)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

熊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. bear

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

熊 (kuma): a brown bear.
Kanji in this term
熊
くま
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Probably cognate with 隈 (kuma, “inside corner; inner bend; hollow or hole in something”), perhaps from the way that bears often live in dens. Probably also cognate with Korean 곰 (gom, “bear; hole”).

Pronunciation

Noun

熊 (hiragana くま, katakana クマ, rōmaji kuma)

  1. a bear (large mammal of family Ursidae)
  2. (slang) a bear, an otter (a hairy man, especially one who is gay)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as クマ.

Derived terms

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

熊 • (ung)

  1. bear

Vietnamese

Han character

熊 (hùng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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