毒

毒 U+6BD2, 毒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BD2
← 毑
[U+6BD1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 毓 →
[U+6BD3]

Translingual

Traditional

 毒

Simplified

 毒

Japanese

 毒

Korean

 毒

Alternative forms

See Han unification on Wikipedia for differences in appearance by script by code point. Note that the bottom component is written 毋 in the Kangxi dictionary but appears as 母 in simplified Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese scripts.

Han character

毒 (radical 80, 毋+4, 9 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 手一田卜戈 (QMWYI), four-corner 50507, composition ⿱龶母(GKV) or ⿱龶毋(HTJ))

References

  • KangXi: page 589, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16730
  • Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2382, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6BD2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 毒
alt. forms 𡴛
𡹆
𥲮
𦸕
𧉉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (毒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
瑇 *dɯːɡs, *duːɡ
纛 *duːɡs, *duːɡ
碡 *doːɡ, *duːɡ, *duɡ
毒 *l'uːɡ
蝳 *duːɡ

Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 屮 + 毐.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk ~ tuk (“poison; to poison”). Cognate with Tibetan དུག (dug, “poison; toxin”), གདུག (gdug), གདུག་པ (gdug pa, “vicious; evil; poisonous”), Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to suffer from toxicity; to be ill; to be poisonous”).

A departing tone variant, meaning “to poison”, is preserved in Cantonese, Hakka and Min dialects. It is derived from the sense “poison” with the *–s suffix in Old Chinese.

Pronunciation 1

Note: duk1 - only used in the phonetic transcription 身毒 (“India”).
Note:
  • dŭk - literary;
  • dĕ̤k - vernacular.
Note:
  • to̍k - literary;
  • ta̍k - vernacular.
Rime
Character 毒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 沃 (6)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒沃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /duok̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /duok̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /dawk̚/
Li
Rong		 /dok̚/
Wang
Li		 /duok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dú
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 毒
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[d]ˤuk/
English poison (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 毒
Reading # 1/1
No. 2486
Phonetic
component		 毒
Rime
group		 覺
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 毒
Old
Chinese		 /*l'uːɡ/
Definitions

毒

  1. poison; toxin; venom; bane
    有毒  ―  yǒudú  ―  poisonous
  2. † calamity; disaster; trouble
  3. † pain; suffering
  4. † crime; evil
  5. to poison; to administer poison to
  6. † to harm; to injure
  7. † to hate; to resent
  8. † Alternative form of 督 (dū, “to manage; to govern”).
  9. poisonous; noxious
  10. † heavy; thick
  11. hot; scorching; sweltering
  12. † severe; fierce; violent
  13. malicious; cruel
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.
 毒
alt. forms 杜 Cantonese
餖／饾 Hakka
透 Min Dong
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 毒
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dowk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m-[d]ˤuk-s/
English to poison (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Definitions

毒

  1. (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 毒

Pronunciation

Definitions

毒

  1. † Alternative form of 玳 (dài, “hawksbill”).

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

毒

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
毒
どく
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

毒 (hiragana どく, rōmaji doku)

  1. poison, toxin

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

毒 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

毒 (độc, nọc)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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