曼荼羅

See also: 曼荼罗

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (曼荼羅)		曼	荼	羅
simp. (曼荼罗)		曼	荼	罗
alt. forms		曼陀羅／曼陀罗慢怛羅／慢怛罗滿拏囉／满拏啰曼達拉／曼达拉

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, “round; circular”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): màntúluó

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maan⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: màntúluó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˋ ㄊㄨˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: manntwuluo
  - IPA ^(key): /ma̠n⁵¹ tʰu³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: maan⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴
  - Yale: maahn tòuh lòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maan⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: man⁶ tou⁴ lo⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /mɑːn²² tʰou̯²¹ lɔː²¹/

Middle Chinese: /muɑn ɖˠa lɑ/▼

Rime
Character	曼	荼	羅
Reading #	1/2	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	澄 (11)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)	麻 (98)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II	I
Fanqie	母官切	宅加切	魯何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑn/	/ɖˠa/	/lɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/mʷɑn/	/ɖᵚa/	/lɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwan/	/ɖaɨ/	/la/
Li Rong	/muɑn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑn/	/ȡa/	/lɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑn/	/ȡʱa/	/lɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mán	chá	luó

Noun

曼荼羅

(Buddhism, Hinduism) mandala

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (曼荼羅):

Japanese: 曼 (まん)荼 (だ)羅 (ら) (mandara)
Korean: 만다라 (曼荼羅, mandara)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
曼	荼	羅
まん Hyōgaiji	だ Hyōgaiji	ら Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative forms

曼陀羅

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit मण्डल (maṇḍala, literally “circle”). The kanji is ateji (当て字), from Chinese 曼荼羅.

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) まんだら [màńdárá] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA^(key): [mã̠nda̠ɾa̠]

Noun

曼荼羅 (hiragana まんだら, rōmaji mandara)

(Hinduism, Buddhism) a mandala

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