戇

See also: 戆

戇	U+6207, 戇 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6207

← 戆
[U+6206]

CJK Unified Ideographs

戈 →
[U+6208]

Translingual

Han character

戇 (radical 61 心+24, 28 strokes, cangjie input X卜金心 (XYCP) or 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 0733₈, composition ⿱贛心)

References

KangXi: page 409, character 31

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11525

Dae Jaweon: page 751, character 30

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2373, character 4

Unihan data for U+6207

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 戇
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (夅) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
贛	kluːmʔ, kluːms, kromʔ, kloːms
灨	kluːmʔ, kluːms
竷	*kʰluːms
戇	kr'oːms, qʰloːms
洚	kruːŋs, ɡruːŋ, ɡloːŋ, ɡluːŋ
降	kruːŋs, ɡruːŋ
絳	*kruːŋs
栙	*ɡruːŋ
夅	*ɡruːŋ
跭	*ɡruːŋ
隆	*ɡ·ruːŋ
癃	*ɡ·ruːŋ
窿	*ɡ·ruːŋ
霳	*ɡ·ruːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kr'oːms, *qʰloːms) : phonetic 贛 (OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) + semantic 心.

Etymology 1

trad.		戇
simp.		戆

“Stupid”. Attested abundantly in Old Chinese, but obsolete in modern varieties. Compared with Proto-Mon *trɔɔʔ (> Mon သ္ဒိုဟ် (tɜ̀h, “foolish, stupid”)) by Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zong³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
  - Wade–Giles: chuang⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zong³
  - Yale: jong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zong³
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: /huŋ^H/, /ʈˠʌŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	呼貢切	陟降切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huŋ^H/	/ʈˠʌŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/huŋ^H/	/ʈᵚɔŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xuŋ^H/	/ȶɔŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/həwŋ^H/	/ʈaɨwŋ^H/
Li Rong	/xuŋ^H/	/ȶɔŋ^H/
Wang Li	/xuŋ^H/	/ȶɔŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuŋ^H/	/ȶɔŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hòng	zhuàng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kr'oːms/, /*qʰloːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戇	戇
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6277	6291
Phonetic component	夅	夅
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	戇	烘
Old Chinese	/*kr'oːms/	/*qʰloːms/

Definitions

戇

^† stupid
^† blunt and tactless

Etymology 2

trad.		戇
simp.		戆
alt. forms		怣 Min Nan 憨 Min Nan

Dialectally preserved word for “stupid”, attested since Middle Chinese. Relationship to Etymology 1 is unknown.

Compare Proto-Central Chin *ŋoŋ (“dull, stupid”) > Mizo ngawng (“dull, stupid”), Proto-Tai-Kadai *ŋV:ŋ.T (“stupid”) > Zhuang nguengh (“stupid”), as well as Old Khmer lṅaṅya (“stupid, obtuse, ignorant”) > Khmer ល្ងង់ (lngŭəng)).

Bauer (1996) suggests that this root may have entered Old Southern Chinese during the period of its early contact with Tai-speaking peoples in southern China.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gàng (gang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄤˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ngong⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngong⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngong
Min Dong (BUC): ngâung
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gōng

(Teochew, Peng'im): gong³
Wu (Wiktionary): gaan (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄤˋ
  - Wade–Giles: kang⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ganq
  - IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngong⁶
  - Yale: ngohng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngong⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngong⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːŋ²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngong⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /ᵑgɔŋ³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngong
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngong
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngong⁴
  - IPA: /ŋoŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngâung
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɑuŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gōng
  - Tâi-lô: gōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /gɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /gɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /gɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /gɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kòng
  - IPA ^(key): /koŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: gaan (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /g̊ɑ̃²³/

Definitions

戇

(Cantonese, Hakka, Min, Wu) stupid; foolish; simple; simple-minded
(dialectal Mandarin) stubborn; bull-headed
(dialectal Mandarin) frank; honest; straight

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 傻 (“stupid”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		傻
Mandarin	Beijing	傻
	Taiwan	傻
	Tianjin	傻
	Xi'an	瓜
	Wuhan	苕、哈、嘎
	Chengdu	哈、瓜
	Yangzhou	呆、木足、瓜
	Hefei	呆、傻
Cantonese	Guangzhou	戇、傻
	Hong Kong	傻、戇
	Dongguan	戇、傻、吽
	Yangjiang	傻、戇
Gan	Nanchang	蟬
Hakka	Meixian	傻、戇
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	戇
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	戇
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	戇
	Dongshi (Dabu)	戇
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	戇
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	戇
Jin	Taiyuan	傻、二不楞
Min Bei	Jian'ou	賴、戇
Min Dong	Fuzhou	戇
Min Dong	Matsu	戇
Min Nan	Xiamen	戇
	Quanzhou	戇
	Zhangzhou	戇
	Taipei	戇
	Kaohsiung	戇
	Penang	戇
	Chaozhou	㦙、白仁
Wu	Shanghai	戇
	Suzhou	戇
	Wenzhou	呆、憨
Xiang	Changsha	寶、醒
Xiang	Shuangfeng	哈

Compounds

假戇／假戆
愚戇／愚戆
戇Q／戆Q
戇人／戆人
戇仔／戆仔
戇佬／戆佬
戇吼吼／戆吼吼
戇喪／戆丧 (zhuàngsāng)
戇囝／戆囝
戇大／戆大
戇大呆／戆大呆
戇妹／戆妹

戇婆／戆婆
戇小子／戆小子
戇居／戆居
戇居佬／戆居佬
戇居居／戆居居
戇戇／戆戆
戇搭搭／戆搭搭
戇正／戆正
戇狗／戆狗
戇的／戆的
戇直／戆直 (zhuàngzhí)

戇神／戆神
戇膽／戆胆
戇話／戆话
戇錢／戆钱
戇頭／戆头
戇頭子／戆头子
戇頭戇腦／戆头戆脑
戇馬／戆马
戇鳩／戆鸠
詐戇／诈戆
霎戇／霎戆

Japanese

Kanji

戇

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): とう (tō), ちゅう (chū), しゅ (shu), こう (kō), く (ku)

Kun: おろか (oroka)

Korean

Hanja

戇 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

戇 (tráng)

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