奠

奠	U+5960, 奠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5960

← 奟
[U+595F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

奡 →
[U+5961]

Translingual

Han character

奠 (radical 37 大+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿田大 (TWK), four-corner 8043₀, composition ⿱酋大)

Derived glyphs

鄭

Usage notes

See 酋.

References

KangXi: page 253, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5960

Dae Jaweon: page 514, character 30

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 546, character 6

Unihan data for U+5960

Chinese

simp. and trad.		奠

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 奠
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (奠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
奠	*diːŋs
鄭	*deŋs
擲	*deɡ
躑	*deɡ

Oracle bone script: Pictogram (象形) – an alcohol vessel (酉) placed on a mat (一).

In the bronze inscriptions, two strokes (八) were sometimes added above the alcohol vessel, representing overflowing alcohol; this is inherited in the small seal script as 酋. In some bronze inscriptions, two horizontal strokes were sometimes also added below the line representing a mat; the strokes sometimes were changed to something like 八. These two strokes then fused with the mat to give 丌 (a table with two legs) in the small seal script. 丌 later evolved into 大 by process of libian (隸變).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): din⁶
Min Nan (POJ): tiān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: diàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
  - Wade–Giles: tien⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
  - IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: din⁶
  - Yale: dihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: din⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: din⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /tiːn²²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiān
  - Tâi-lô: tiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dien
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn³³/

Middle Chinese: /den^H/▼

Rime
Character	奠
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	堂練切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/den^H/
Pan Wuyun	/den^H/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛn^H/
Li Rong	/den^H/
Wang Li	/dien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diàn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tˤe[n]-s/, /*m-tˤe[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*diːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奠	奠
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn	diàn
Middle Chinese	‹ den^H ›	‹ den^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-tˤe[n]-s/	/*m-tˤe[n]-s/
English	be fixed (v.i.)	set forth (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奠
Reading #	1/1
No.	2351
Phonetic component	奠
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	電
Old Chinese	/*diːŋs/

Definitions

奠

to make offerings to the dead
to establish

Compounds

供奠
奠儀／奠仪 (diànyí)
奠地
奠基 (diànjī)
奠安
奠定 (diàndìng)
奠敬
奠立

奠都 (diàndū)
奠酒 (diànjiǔ)
奠酹
奠雁
家奠
弔奠／吊奠
拜奠

澆奠／浇奠
祖奠
祭奠 (jìdiàn)
設奠／设奠
路奠
遣奠
饋奠／馈奠

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dìng (ding⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: dìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ting⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dinq
  - IPA ^(key): /tiŋ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /teŋ^H/▼

Rime
Character	奠
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	丁定切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/teŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/teŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/teŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tieŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tieŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dìng

Definitions

奠

Alternative form of 飣 (dìng).
fake

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 鄭 (“proper noun sense”). (This character, 奠, is an ancient form of 鄭.)

Notes

Usage seen in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions.

Pronunciation 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 停 (“to stop; to halt; to park”). (This character, 奠, is a variant form of 停.)

Pronunciation 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 奠 – see 尊 (“to respect; to revere; to venerate; to honor”). (This character, 奠, is a variant form of 尊.)

Japanese

Kanji

奠

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): てん (ten), でん (den), てい (tei)

Kun: まつる (matsuru), さだめる (sadameru)

Korean

Hanja

奠 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn)

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Vietnamese

Han character

奠 (điện)

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