凌

See also: 淩

凌	U+51CC, 凌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51CC

← 凋
[U+51CB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凍 →
[U+51CD]

Translingual

Han character

凌 (radical 15 冫+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 戈一土金水 (IMGCE), four-corner 3414₇, composition ⿰冫夌)

Derived characters

蓤

References

KangXi: page 132, character 45

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1669

Dae Jaweon: page 297, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 298, character 3

Unihan data for U+51CC

Chinese

simp. and trad.		凌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (夌) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
棱	*rɯːŋ
稜	*rɯːŋ
輘	*rɯːŋ
倰	*rɯːŋ
祾	rɯːŋ, rɯŋ
踜	*rɯːŋs
凌	*rɯŋ
菱	*rɯŋ
陵	*rɯŋ
綾	*rɯŋ
鯪	*rɯŋ
淩	*rɯŋ
夌	*rɯŋ
蔆	*rɯŋ
崚	*rɯŋ
掕	*rɯŋ
𩜁	*rɯŋs
庱	r̥ʰɯŋ, r̥ʰɯŋʔ
睖	*r̥ʰɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): líng (ling²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ling⁴
Min Nan (POJ): lêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: líng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ling²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
  - IPA ^(key): /liŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ling⁴
  - Yale: lìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ling⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ling⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /lɪŋ²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
  - Tâi-lô: lîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɨŋ/▼

Rime
Character	凌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力膺切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/lieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liŋ/
Li Rong	/liəŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	líng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]əŋ/, /*p.rəŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*rɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凌	凌
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	líng	líng
Middle Chinese	‹ ling ›	‹ ling ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]əŋ/	/*p.rəŋ/
English	transgress; attack	ice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凌
Reading #	1/1
No.	8244
Phonetic component	夌
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	陵
Old Chinese	/*rɯŋ/

Definitions

凌

ice
to rise high; to go up
to place oneself above; to override
to ride (wind, etc.)
to bully and humiliate; to insult; to encroach on; to invade
to approach; to draw near; to close in on
to tremble
disorderly; messy
A surname.

Compounds

仗勢凌人／仗势凌人
侵凌
倚強凌弱／倚强凌弱
傲雪凌霜
冬凌
冰凌
凌亂／凌乱 (língluàn)
凌亂不堪／凌乱不堪
凌人 (língrén)
凌凌
凌厲／凌厉
凌厲攻勢／凌厉攻势
凌夷
凌持
凌日
凌晨 (língchén)
凌暴
凌替
凌汛
凌波
凌波仙子
凌波微步

凌波殿
凌波舞
凌波襪／凌波袜
凌災／凌灾
凌煙閣／凌烟阁
凌眼
凌空 (língkōng)
凌籍
凌藉
凌虐 (língnüè)
凌虛／凌虚
凌躐
凌轢／凌轹
凌辱
凌迸
凌逼
凌遲／凌迟 (língchí)
凌遲碎剮／凌迟碎剐
凌遲處死／凌迟处死
凌錐／凌锥
凌陰／凌阴

凌雲／凌云 (língyún)
凌雲健筆／凌云健笔
凌雲壯志／凌云壮志
凌霄 (língxiāo)
凌霄殿
凌霄花
凌風／凌风
凌駕／凌驾 (língjià)
凍凌觜臉／冻凌觜脸
壯志凌雲／壮志凌云
奚凌
志氣凌雲／志气凌云
恃勢凌人／恃势凌人
恃強凌弱／恃强凌弱
撞凌
欺凌 (qīlíng)
氣凌霄漢／气凌霄汉
畏強凌弱／畏强凌弱
盛氣凌人／盛气凌人
貴不凌賤／贵不凌贱
駕凌／驾凌

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lìng (ling⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄥˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ling⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: linq
  - IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵¹/

Definitions

凌

^† to freeze up; to form ice

Japanese

Kanji

凌

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
Kun: しのぐ (shinogu, 凌ぐ)

Korean

Hanja

凌 • (reung) (hangeul 릉, revised reung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

凌 (lăng, lăn, lâng, lừng, rưng, dưng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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