perturbar

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from English perturb, French perturber, Italian perturbare, Russian пертурбация (perturbacija), Spanish perturbar.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /perturˈbar/

Verb

perturbar (present tense perturbas, past tense perturbis, future tense perturbos, imperative perturbez, conditional perturbus)

(transitive, astronomy, social) to perturb, trouble, unsettle, throw into disorder, disturb

Conjugation

Conjugation of perturbar

		present	past	future
infinitive		perturbar	perturbir	perturbor
tense		perturbas	perturbis	perturbos
conditional		perturbus
imperative		perturbez
adjective active participle		perturbanta	perturbinta	perturbonta
adverbial active participle		perturbante	perturbinte	perturbonte
nominal active participle	singular	perturbanto	perturbinto	perturbonto
nominal active participle	plural	perturbanti	perturbinti	perturbonti
adjective passive participle		perturbata	perturbita	perturbota
adverbial passive participle		perturbate	perturbite	perturbote
nominal passive participle	singular	perturbato	perturbito	perturboto
nominal passive participle	plural	perturbati	perturbiti	perturboti

Derived terms

perturbo (“perturbation”)
perturbanta, perturbiva (“perturbing, disturbing”)

Descendants

Esperanto perturbi

Portuguese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /per.tur.ˈbar/

Verb

perturbar (first-person singular present indicative perturbo, past participle perturbado)

to perturb, to disturb

Conjugation

Conjugation of the Portuguese -ar verb perturbar

	Singular			Plural
Notes:^[edit] This is a regular verb of the -ar group. Verbs with this conjugation include: amar, cantar, gritar, marchar, mostrar, nadar, parar, participar, retirar, separar, viajar.
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	perturbar
Personal	perturbar	perturbares	perturbar	perturbarmos	perturbardes	perturbarem
Gerund
	perturbando
Past participle
Masculine	perturbado			perturbados
Feminine	perturbada			perturbadas
Indicative
Present	perturbo	perturbas	perturba	perturbamos	perturbais	perturbam
Imperfect	perturbava	perturbavas	perturbava	perturbávamos	perturbáveis	perturbavam
Preterite	perturbei	perturbaste	perturbou	perturbamos perturbámos	perturbastes	perturbaram
Pluperfect	perturbara	perturbaras	perturbara	perturbáramos	perturbáreis	perturbaram
Future	perturbarei	perturbarás	perturbará	perturbaremos	perturbareis	perturbarão
Conditional
	perturbaria	perturbarias	perturbaria	perturbaríamos	perturbaríeis	perturbariam
Subjunctive
Present	perturbe	perturbes	perturbe	perturbemos	perturbeis	perturbem
Imperfect	perturbasse	perturbasses	perturbasse	perturbássemos	perturbásseis	perturbassem
Future	perturbar	perturbares	perturbar	perturbarmos	perturbardes	perturbarem
Imperative
Affirmative	-	perturba	perturbe	perturbemos	perturbai	perturbem
Negative (não)	-	perturbes	perturbe	perturbemos	perturbeis	perturbem

Quotations

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:perturbar.

Spanish

Verb

perturbar (first-person singular present perturbo, first-person singular preterite perturbé, past participle perturbado)

to perturb

Conjugation

Conjugation of perturbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)^{edit data}

		singular			plural
infinitive			perturbar
gerund			perturbando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		perturbado		perturbada
		plural		perturbados		perturbadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	perturbo	perturbas^tú perturbás^{^vos}	perturba	perturbamos	perturbáis	perturban
	imperfect	perturbaba	perturbabas	perturbaba	perturbábamos	perturbabais	perturbaban
	preterite	perturbé	perturbaste	perturbó	perturbamos	perturbasteis	perturbaron
	future	perturbaré	perturbarás	perturbará	perturbaremos	perturbaréis	perturbarán
	conditional	perturbaría	perturbarías	perturbaría	perturbaríamos	perturbaríais	perturbarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	perturbe	perturbes^{^tú} perturbés^{^vos²}	perturbe	perturbemos	perturbéis	perturben
	imperfect (ra)	perturbara	perturbaras	perturbara	perturbáramos	perturbarais	perturbaran
	imperfect (se)	perturbase	perturbases	perturbase	perturbásemos	perturbaseis	perturbasen
	future¹	perturbare	perturbares	perturbare	perturbáremos	perturbareis	perturbaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		perturba^{^tú} perturbá^{^vos}	perturbe	perturbemos	perturbad	perturben
	negative		no perturbes	no perturbe	no perturbemos	no perturbéis	no perturben

¹ Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
² Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of perturbar^{edit data}

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive perturbar
	dative	perturbarme	perturbarte	perturbarle, perturbarse	perturbarnos	perturbaros	perturbarles, perturbarse
	accusative	perturbarme	perturbarte	perturbarlo, perturbarla, perturbarse	perturbarnos	perturbaros	perturbarlos, perturbarlas, perturbarse

with gerund perturbando
	dative	perturbándome	perturbándote	perturbándole, perturbándose	perturbándonos	perturbándoos	perturbándoles, perturbándose
	accusative	perturbándome	perturbándote	perturbándolo, perturbándola, perturbándose	perturbándonos	perturbándoos	perturbándolos, perturbándolas, perturbándose

with informal second-person singular imperative perturba
	dative	pertúrbame	pertúrbate	pertúrbale	pertúrbanos	not used	pertúrbales
	accusative	pertúrbame	pertúrbate	pertúrbalo, pertúrbala	pertúrbanos	not used	pertúrbalos, pertúrbalas

with formal second-person singular imperative perturbe
	dative	pertúrbeme	not used	pertúrbele, pertúrbese	pertúrbenos	not used	pertúrbeles
	accusative	pertúrbeme	not used	pertúrbelo, pertúrbela, pertúrbese	pertúrbenos	not used	pertúrbelos, pertúrbelas

with first-person plural imperative perturbemos
	dative	not used	perturbémoste	perturbémosle	perturbémonos	perturbémoos	perturbémosles
	accusative	not used	perturbémoste	perturbémoslo, perturbémosla	perturbémonos	perturbémoos	perturbémoslos, perturbémoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative perturbad
	dative	perturbadme	not used	perturbadle	perturbadnos	perturbaos	perturbadles
	accusative	perturbadme	not used	perturbadlo, perturbadla	perturbadnos	perturbaos	perturbadlos, perturbadlas

with formal second-person plural imperative perturben
	dative	pertúrbenme	not used	pertúrbenle	pertúrbennos	not used	pertúrbenles, pertúrbense
	accusative	pertúrbenme	not used	pertúrbenlo, pertúrbenla	pertúrbennos	not used	pertúrbenlos, pertúrbenlas, pertúrbense

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