mala

See also: mála, malá, màla, malā, måla, and mała

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin mala (“jaw, cheek”).

Noun

mala (plural malae)

  1. A single lobe of an insect's maxilla.
  2. The grinding surface of an insect's mandible.

Etymology 2

See malum.

Noun

mala

  1. plural of malum

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sanskrit माला (mālā, “wreath, garland, crown”).

Noun

mala (plural malas or mala)

  1. A bead or a set of beads commonly used by Hindus and Buddhists for keeping count while reciting, chanting, or mentally repeating a mantra or the name or names of a deity.
Further reading

Anagrams

Breton

Verb

mala

  1. to grind

Catalan

Pronunciation

Adjective

mala f sg

  1. feminine singular of mal

Esperanto

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmala/
  • Hyphenation: ma‧la
  • Rhymes: -ala

Adjective

mala (accusative singular malan, plural malaj, accusative plural malajn)

  1. opposite

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse mala, from Proto-Germanic *malaną.

Verb

mala (third person singular past indicative mól, third person plural past indicative mólu, supine malið)

  1. to grind

Conjugation

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse mala, from Proto-Germanic *malaną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmaːla/
  • Rhymes: -aːla

Verb

mala (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative malaði, supine malað)

  1. to grind
    Hættu að mala kornið!
    Stop grinding the corn!
  2. to purr
    Oo, hlustiði á köttinn mala.
    Oh, listen to the cat purr.
  3. to blabber, babble, talk

Conjugation

malast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur)		 að malast
supine
(sagnbót)		 malast
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		 malandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur)		 subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð)		 ég malast við mölumst present
(nútíð)		 ég malist við mölumst
þú malast þið malist þú malist þið malist
hann, hún, það malast þeir, þær, þau malast hann, hún, það malist þeir, þær, þau malist
past
(þátíð)		 ég malaðist við möluðumst past
(þátíð)		 ég malaðist við möluðumst
þú malaðist þið möluðust þú malaðist þið möluðust
hann, hún, það malaðist þeir, þær, þau möluðust hann, hún, það malaðist þeir, þær, þau möluðust
imperative
(boðháttur)		 malast (þú) malist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
malastu malisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Ido

Adjective

mala

  1. bad

Antonyms

Derived terms

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish mala.

Pronunciation

Noun

mala f (genitive singular mala, nominative plural malaí)

  1. brow
    1. (anatomy) eyebrow
    2. (geography, of hill) brow; slope, incline

Declension

Derived terms

  • mala púiceach (“beetle brow”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
mala mhala not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • "mala" in Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
  • “mala” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Italian

Noun

mala f (plural male)

  1. underworld, gangland

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *smakslā, from Proto-Indo-European *smek- (“beard”) as *smḱ- (“beard”) +‎ *slo/h₂-.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmaː.la/, [ˈmaː.ɫa]

Noun

māla f (genitive mālae); first declension

  1. (anatomy) cheekbone, jaw
  2. cheek
    Tam consimile'st atque ego: sūra, pēs, statūra, tōnsus, oculī, nāsus, vel labra, mālae, mentum, barba, collum - tōtus! (Platus, Amphitryo, Act 1, 443-445)
    He's so similar to me: his calves, feet, height, haircut, eyes, nose, lips, jaw, chin, beard, neck - all of it!
Declension

First declension.

Case Singular Plural
nominative māla mālae
genitive mālae mālārum
dative mālae mālīs
accusative mālam mālās
ablative mālā mālīs
vocative māla mālae
Derived terms

References

  • mala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • mala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • mala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • mala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • mala in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    • (ambiguous) to be hard pressed by misfortune: malis urgeri
    • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    • (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    • (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
    • (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
    • (ambiguous) to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari
    • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
    • (ambiguous) from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
  • mala in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Frankish *malha (“leather bag”).

Pronunciation

Noun

mala f (genitive malae); first declension

  1. bundle, bag
Declension

First declension.

Case Singular Plural
nominative mala malae
genitive malae malārum
dative malae malīs
accusative malam malās
ablative malā malīs
vocative mala malae

Descendants

Etymology 3

Adjective

mala

  1. inflection of malus:
    1. feminine nominative singular
    2. feminine vocative singular
    3. neuter nominative plural
    4. neuter accusative plural
    5. neuter vocative plural

malā

  1. feminine ablative singular of malus

Etymology 4

Noun

mala n pl

  1. inflection of malum:
    1. nominative plural
    2. accusative plural
    3. vocative plural

Etymology 5

Noun

māla n pl

  1. inflection of mālum:
    1. nominative plural
    2. accusative plural
    3. vocative plural

Latvian

Noun

mala f (4th declension)

  1. edge, shore

Declension

Derived terms

Verb

mala

  1. 3rd person singular present indicative form of malt
  2. 3rd person plural present indicative form of malt

Lithuanian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈmä̌ːlɐ]

Verb

mãla

  1. third-person singular present tense of malti.
  2. third-person plural present tense of malti.

Margi

Noun

mala

  1. woman

References

  • Carl Hoffmann, A grammar of the Margi language (1963)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /²mɑːlɑ/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse mala.

Verb

mala (present tense mel, past tense mol, past participle male, present participle malande, imperative mal)

  1. to grind
  2. to make a grinding sound, e.g. to purr (of a cat)

Etymology 2

Verb

mala (present tense malar, past tense mala, past participle mala, passive infinitive malast, present participle malande, imperative mal/mala)

  1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by måla, to paint

References

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *malaną, whence also Old Saxon malan, Old High German malan, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽 (malan).

Verb

mala (singular past indicative mól, plural past indicative mólu, past participle malinn)

  1. to grind
  2. to make a grinding sound, e.g. to purr (of a cat)

Descendants

References

  • mala in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • mala in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • mala in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • mala in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
    • (ambiguous) to be hard pressed by misfortune: malis urgeri
    • (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
    • (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
    • (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
    • (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
    • (ambiguous) to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari
    • (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
    • (ambiguous) from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
  • mala in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse mala, from Proto-Germanic *malaną.

Verb

mala

  1. to grind

Conjugation

Descendants

Pali

Alternative forms

Noun

mala n

  1. impurity
  2. stain
  3. rust
  4. dirt
  5. dung

Declension

Pitjantjatjara

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈmɐlɐ]

Noun

mala

  1. rufous hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes hirsutus)

References

  • Paul A. Eckert (2007) Pitjantjatjara / Yankunytjatjara Picture Dictionary‎, IAD Press, →ISBN

Portuguese

Etymology

From French malle (“large suitcase; trunk”), from Middle French malle, from Old French male (“leather bag, leather or wooden travel-case”), from Frankish *malha (“leather bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“leather bag”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather bag”).

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈma.lɐ/
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈma.la/
  • Hyphenation: ma‧la

Noun

mala f (plural malas)

  1. suitcase
  2. (travel) luggage
  3. (automotive) boot, trunk
  4. (chiefly Portugal) handbag
  5. (idiomatic) An irritating person.

Synonyms

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish mala.

Noun

mala f (genitive singular mala, plural malaichean)

  1. brow
    1. (anatomy) eyebrow
    2. (geography, of hill) brow; slope, incline

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
RadicalLenition
malamhala
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • Faclair Gàidhlig Dwelly Air Loidhne, Dwelly, Edward (1911), Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic-English Dictionary (10th ed.), Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • “mala” in Dictionary of the Irish Language, Royal Irish Academy, 1913–76.

Sicilian

Etymology

From Latin malus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈma.la/
  • Hyphenation: mà‧la

Adjective

mala f sg

  1. feminine singular of malu; bad.

Inflection

Masculine Feminine
Singular malu mala
Plural mali mali

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈmala/

Etymology 1

From Latin mala, feminine of malus.

Adjective

mala

  1. Feminine singular of adjective malo.

Etymology 2

From French malle (“large suitcase; trunk”), from Middle French malle, from Old French male (“leather bag, leather or wooden travel-case”), from Frankish *malha (“leather bag”), from Proto-Germanic *malhō (“leather bag”), from Proto-Indo-European *molko- (“leather bag”).

Noun

mala f (plural malas)

  1. suitcase
  2. mailbag
  3. mail, post
Derived terms

Further reading

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish mala, from Old Norse mala, from Proto-Germanic *malaną.

Verb

mala (present mal, preterite malde, supine malt, imperative mal)

  1. to grind; to make smaller
  2. to speak ceaselessly, usually about one single subject

Usage notes

  • Alternate form for the present tense: mal, and alternate form for the past participle (which only exist in the sense of grinding): malen.

Conjugation

Tuvaluan

Noun

mala

  1. plague

Wolof

Noun

mala (definite form mala mi)

  1. animal
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