esperar

Asturian

Etymology

From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Verb

esperar (first-person singular indicative present espero, past participle esperáu)

  1. to wait
  2. to hope
  3. to expect

Conjugation

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan, from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Verb

esperar (first-person singular present espero, past participle esperat)

  1. to wait, wait for, to await
  2. to hope
  3. to expect

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

Galician

Etymology

From Old Portuguese esperar, asperar, from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Verb

esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperei, past participle esperado)

  1. to wait
  2. to hope

Conjugation

Synonyms

Further reading

Ido

Etymology

From Esperanto esperi.

Verb

esperar (present tense esperas, past tense esperis, future tense esperos, imperative esperez, conditional esperus)

  1. to hope

Conjugation

Derived terms

  • desesperigar (“to drive to despair; to dishearten, depress, despond”)

Occitan

Etymology

From Old Occitan, from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Verb

esperar

  1. to hope
  2. to wait

Conjugation

    Auvernhàs
simple compound
infinitive esperar èsser esperat
past participle esperat -
gerund esperant èssent esperat
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present espere esperes espera esperam esperatz esperon
imperfect esperave esperaves esperava esperaviam esperaviatz esperavon
preterite esperere espereres esperet esperem esperetz espereron
future esperarai esperaràs esperará esperarem esperaretz esperarán
conditional esperariá esperariás esperariá esperariam esperariatz esperarián
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present espere esperes espere esperassiam esperassiatz esperon
imperfect esperesse esperesses esperesse esperessiam esperessiatz esperesson
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
imperative - tu - nosautres vosautres -
espera esperassiam esperatz
    Gascon
simple compound
infinitive esperar èsser esperat
past participle esperat -
gerund esperant èssent esperat
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present esperi esperas espera esperam esperatz esperan
imperfect esperavi esperavas esperava esperàvam esperàvatz esperavan
preterite esperèi esperès esperè esperèm esperètz esperèn
future esperarèi esperaràs esperarà esperaram esperaratz esperaràn
conditional esperarí esperarés esperaré esperarem esperaretz esperarén
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present esperi esperes espere esperem esperetz esperen
imperfect esperèssi esperèsses esperèsse esperèssem esperèssetz esperèssen
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
imperative - tu - nosautres vosautres -
espera esperem esperatz
    Lemosin
simple compound
infinitive esperar èsser esperat
past participle esperat -
gerund esperant èssent esperat
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present espere esperas espera esperam esperatz esperan
imperfect esperava esperavas esperava esperàvam esperàvatz esperavan
preterite esperei espereras esperet esperèram esperèratz espereran
future esperarai esperaràs esperará esperarem esperaretz esperarán
conditional esperariá esperariàs esperariá esperariam esperariatz esperarián
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present espere esperes espere esperem esperetz esperen
imperfect esperèsse esperèsses esperèsse esperèssem esperèssetz esperèssen
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
imperative - tu - nosautres vosautres -
espera esperem esperatz
    Provençau
simple compound
infinitive esperar èsser esperat
past participle esperat -
gerund esperant èssent esperat
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ieu tu el nosautres vosautres eles
present espere esperes espera esperam esperatz esperan
imperfect esperavi esperavas esperava esperàvem esperàvetz esperavan
preterite esperère esperères esperèt espereriam espereriatz esperèron
future esperarai esperaràs esperarà esperarem esperaretz esperaràn
conditional esperariáu esperariás esperariá esperariam esperariatz esperarián
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of Aver plus the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of Aver plus the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of Aver plus the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of Aver plus the past participle
subjunctive que ieu que tu que el que nosautres que vosautres que eles
present espere esperes espere esperem esperetz esperan
imperfect esperèsse esperèsses esperèsse esperessiam esperessiatz esperèsson
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of Aver plus the past participle
imperative - tu - nosautres vosautres -
espera esperem esperatz

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese esperar, asperar, from Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Pronunciation

  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˌɨʃ.pɨ.ˈɾaɾ/, /ˌiʃ.pɨ.ˈɾaɾ/, /ʃpɨ.ˈɾaɾ/

Verb

esperar (first-person singular present indicative espero, past participle esperado)

  1. (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to wait (for); to await
    Eu espero por sua resposta.
    I await your response.
    Fiquei esperando no carro.
    I waited in the car.
  2. (transitive, auxiliary with a verb in the personal infinitive as the second object) to wait for (not to do anything until)
    Espere o João chegar.
    Wait for John to arrive.
  3. (transitive with por) to hope for (to really want something)
    Eles esperam pelo fim da guerra.
    They hope for the end of the war.
  4. (ditransitive, with the indirect object taking que and a verb in the present subjunctive) to hope (that) someone does something
    Eu espero que gostes do presente.
    I hope you like the gift.
  5. (auxiliary with a verb in the personal or impersonal infinitive) to hope something can be done
    Esperávamos comer alguma coisa hoje.
    We were hoping to eat something today.
  6. (intransitive, or transitive with por or with no preposition) to expect; to anticipate (to know or think that something will happen)
    É melhor do que eu esperava.
    It is better than I expected.
    Eu já esperava por isso mesmo.
    I was expecting this anyway.

Conjugation

Synonyms

Further reading

  • esperar in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin spērāre, present active infinitive of spērō (“hope, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, to turn out well”).

Verb

esperar (first-person singular present espero, first-person singular preterite esperé, past participle esperado)

  1. (transitive) to hope for, hope to (often with a verb in the subjunctive)
    Espera que no sea necesario. ― He hopes it won't be necessary.
  2. (transitive) to expect, look for (often with a verb in the indicative)
    Espera que no es fácil. ― He expects it isn't easy.
  3. (transitive) to wait to, wait for, await
    Por favor espera aquí. ― Please wait here.
  4. (intransitive) to wait
  5. (intransitive) to hope
  6. (intransitive) to expect (a baby)

Conjugation

        Conjugation of esperar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)edit data
    infinitive esperar
    gerund esperando
    past participle masculine feminine
    singular esperado esperada
    plural esperados esperadas
    singular plural
    1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    indicative yo tú
    vos    		 él/ella/ello
    usted    		 nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present espero esperastú
    esperásvos    		 espera esperamos esperáis esperan
    imperfect esperaba esperabas esperaba esperábamos esperabais esperaban
    preterite esperé esperaste esperó esperamos esperasteis esperaron
    future esperaré esperarás esperará esperaremos esperaréis esperarán
    conditional esperaría esperarías esperaría esperaríamos esperaríais esperarían
    subjunctive yo tú
    vos    		 él/ella/ello
    usted    		 nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ellos/ellas
    ustedes
    present espere esperestú
    esperésvos2    		 espere esperemos esperéis esperen
    imperfect
    (ra)    		 esperara esperaras esperara esperáramos esperarais esperaran
    imperfect
    (se)    		 esperase esperases esperase esperásemos esperaseis esperasen
    future1 esperare esperares esperare esperáremos esperareis esperaren
    imperative — tú
    vos    		 usted nosotros
    nosotras    		 vosotros
    vosotras    		 ustedes
    affirmative esperatú
    esperávos    		 espere esperemos esperad esperen
    negative no esperes no espere no esperemos no esperéis no esperen
    • 1 Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
    • 2 Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
          Selected combined forms of esperaredit data

      These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

      singular plural
      1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
      with infinitive esperar
      dative esperarme esperarte esperarle, esperarse esperarnos esperaros esperarles, esperarse
      accusative esperarme esperarte esperarlo, esperarla, esperarse esperarnos esperaros esperarlos, esperarlas, esperarse
      with gerund esperando
      dative esperándome esperándote esperándole, esperándose esperándonos esperándoos esperándoles, esperándose
      accusative esperándome esperándote esperándolo, esperándola, esperándose esperándonos esperándoos esperándolos, esperándolas, esperándose
      with informal second-person singular imperative espera
      dative espérame espérate espérale espéranos not used espérales
      accusative espérame espérate espéralo, espérala espéranos not used espéralos, espéralas
      with formal second-person singular imperative espere
      dative espéreme not used espérele, espérese espérenos not used espéreles
      accusative espéreme not used espérelo, espérela, espérese espérenos not used espérelos, espérelas
      with first-person plural imperative esperemos
      dative not used esperémoste esperémosle esperémonos esperémoos esperémosles
      accusative not used esperémoste esperémoslo, esperémosla esperémonos esperémoos esperémoslos, esperémoslas
      with informal second-person plural imperative esperad
      dative esperadme not used esperadle esperadnos esperaos esperadles
      accusative esperadme not used esperadlo, esperadla esperadnos esperaos esperadlos, esperadlas
      with formal second-person plural imperative esperen
      dative espérenme not used espérenle espérennos not used espérenles, espérense
      accusative espérenme not used espérenlo, espérenla espérennos not used espérenlos, espérenlas, espérense

      See also

      Further reading

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