蔡

蔡	U+8521, 蔡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8521

← 蔠
[U+8520]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蔢 →
[U+8522]

Translingual

Han character

蔡 (radical 140 艸+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿月人火 (TBOF), four-corner 4490₁, composition ⿱艹祭)

Derived characters

攃櫒礤

References

KangXi: page 1055, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31818

Dae Jaweon: page 1517, character 17

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3282, character 10

Unihan data for U+8521

Chinese

simp. and trad.		蔡
alt. forms		𦬁 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蔡
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蔡	*sʰlaːds
瘵	*ʔsreːds
祭	ʔsreːds, ʔsleds
際	*ʔsleds
穄	*ʔsleds
鰶	*ʔsleds
傺	*hr'eds
摖	*sʰleːds
擦	*sʰlaːd
攃	sʰlaːd, saːd
礤	*sʰlaːd
察	*sʰreːd
詧	sʰreːd, sʰeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰlaːds) : semantic 艸 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cài (cai⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coi³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhai
Min Bei (KCR): chuo̿i
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhòa / chhài

(Teochew, Peng'im): cua³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: cài
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ts'ai⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsay
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: coi³
  - Yale: choi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi³
  - Guangdong Romanization: coi³
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhai
  - Hakka Romanization System: cai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cai⁴
  - IPA: /t͡sʰa̯i⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chuo̿i
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɛ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòa / chhài
  - Tâi-lô: tshuà / tshài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoax, zhaix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰua²¹/, /t͡sʰaɪ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰua⁴¹/, /t͡sʰaɪ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰua²¹/, /t͡sʰaɪ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰua¹¹/, /t͡sʰaɪ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰua²¹/, /t͡sʰaɪ²¹/

Note:

chhòa - vernacular (including surname);
chhài - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cua³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshuà
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰua²¹³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 蔡
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡sʰai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰai⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡sʰɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡sʰɛ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡sʰai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sʰɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡sʰɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡sʰɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰai²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡sʰæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sʰe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰe³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰɑ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰe̞⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰa⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰɛ³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰa⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰai⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰai²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰai⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰɑi⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɔi³³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɔi³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɔi³³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰai²¹/ /t͡sʰua²¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sʰɑi²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰuɛ³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰua²¹³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/sai³⁵/ /sua³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰɑi^H/▼

Rime
Character	蔡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	倉大切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰaj^H/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cài

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s.r̥̥ˤat-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlaːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蔡
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cài
Middle Chinese	‹ tshaj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*s.r̥̥ˤat-s/
English	(name of a state)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蔡
Reading #	1/1
No.	5836
Phonetic component	祭
Rime group	祭
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蔡
Old Chinese	/*sʰlaːds/

Definitions

蔡

^† weed
^† tortoise used for divination
(～國) (historical) Cai (an ancient Chinese state)
A surname.

Compounds

管蔡
蓍蔡
蔡中郎
蔡侯紙／蔡侯纸
蔡叔

蔡司
蔡李佛 (càilǐfó)
蔡河 (Càihé)
蔡澤看相／蔡泽看相

蔡甸 (Càidiàn)
蔡邕倒屣
蔡順分椹／蔡顺分椹
陳蔡之厄／陈蔡之厄

Descendants

→ Tagalog: Chua (via Hokkien)

Japanese

Kanji

蔡

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

Goon: さい (sai)

Kan’on: さい (sai)

On: さつ (satsu)

Kun: あくた (akuta), おとろえる (otoroeru), へらす (herasu)

Korean

Hanja

蔡 • (chae, sal) (hangeul 채, 살, revised chae, sal, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, sal, Yale chay, sal)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

蔡 (thái)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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