菩薩

See also: 菩萨

Chinese

phonetic
trad. (菩薩) 菩 薩
simp. (菩萨) 菩 萨

Etymology

Abbreviation of 菩提薩埵 (MC buo dei sɑt̚ tuɑX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”) or Pali bodhisatta.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 菩 薩
Reading # 1/4 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 模 (23) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I I
Fanqie 薄胡切 桑割切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /buo/ /sɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /buo/ /sɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bo/ /sɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bɔ/ /sat̚/
Li
Rong		 /bo/ /sɑt̚/
Wang
Li		 /bu/ /sɑt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱuo/ /sɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 pú sa

Noun

菩薩

  1. (Buddhism) bodhisattva
  2. (figuratively, sometimes ironic) kind-hearted person; kind and charitable person

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (菩薩):

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
菩 薩
ぼ
Jinmeiyō		 さち > さつ
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

/bosati/ → /bosatu/ → /bosat͡su/

From earlier bosachi, derived Middle Chinese 菩薩 (MC buo sɑt̚), abbreviation of full term 菩提薩埵 (MC buo dei sɑt̚ tuɑX), itself a transliteration of Sanskrit बोधिसत्त्व (bodhisattva, “enlightened existence”).[1][2]

The now-obsolete reading bosachi is rarely attested in older literature, such as The Tale of Genji (c. 1021) and a manuscript of Ueda Akinari's Harusame monogatari (1809).

Pronunciation

Noun

菩薩 (hiragana ぼさつ, rōmaji bosatsu, alternative reading ぼさち, rōmaji bosachi)

  1. (Buddhism) bodhisattva
    Synonyms: 開士 (kaishi, kaiji), 大士 (daishi), 菩提薩埵 (bodaisatta)
  2. (obsolete) in ancient Japan, a title granted by the imperial court to notably virtuous high-ranking monks
  3. (archaic) a title applied to native Shinto gods, after the spread of 本地垂迹 (honji suijaku, theological position prevalent until the Meiji period, explaining that Indian Buddhist deities choose to appear in Japan as native kami)
  4. Synonym of 米 (kome): rice
  5. (by extension) a maidservant who cooks rice

Derived terms

See also

Proper noun

菩薩 (hiragana ぼさつ, rōmaji Bosatsu)

  1. title of a piece of 雅楽 (gagaku, “ancient court music”), categorized as 唐楽 (tōgaku, literally "Tang music", a style of gagaku)

References

  1. 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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