無明

See also: 无明

Chinese

		not have	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (無明)		無	明
simp. (无明)		无	明

Etymology

ignorant; unintelligent: Calque of Sanskrit अविद्या (avidyā).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wúmíng

(Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ ming⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mò-mìn
Min Nan (POJ): bû-bêng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: wúmíng
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuming
  - IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ miŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    無名／无名
    無明／无明
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: mou⁴ ming⁴
  - Yale: mòuh mìhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ ming⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ ming⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ mɪŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    無名／无名
    無明／无明
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò-mìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: moˇ minˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mo² min²
  - IPA: /mo¹¹ min¹¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-bêng
  - Tâi-lô: bû-bîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bu'beeng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² biɪŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ biɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ biɪŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: /mɨo mˠiæŋ/▼

Rime
Character	無	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	武夫切	武兵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo/	/mˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mio/	/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mio/	/miaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆/	/miajŋ/
Li Rong	/mio/	/miɐŋ/
Wang Li	/mĭu/	/mĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯u/	/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wú	míng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ma|mo mraŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ma mraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	無	無	無	明
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wú	wú	wú	míng
Middle Chinese	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›	‹ mju ›	‹ mjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*ma/	/*mo/	/*mraŋ/
English	not have	volitional prefix	don’t	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	無	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13117	9188
Phonetic component	無	明
Rime group	魚	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	無	明
Old Chinese	/*ma/	/*mraŋ/

Adjective

無明

(archaic) unable to see; blind
(Buddhism) ignorant; unintelligent

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無明):

Japanese: 無 (む)明 (みょう) (mumyō)
Korean: 무명 (無明, mumyeong)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
無	明
む Grade: 4	みょう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Chinese. See there for more.

Noun

無明 (hiragana むみょう, rōmaji mumyō)

(religion, Buddhism): avidyā: unenlightenment, ignorance of nirvana and of the fundamental state of existence

Further reading

無明 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja
Avidyā on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

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