海馬

See also: 海马

Chinese

ocean; sea horse; surname
trad. (海馬) 海 馬
simp. (海马) 海 马

Etymology

sea horse
So named as its shape is similar to horse's head. First used in 《本草拾遺》 (Tang dynasty).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 海 馬
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 咍 (41) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I II
Fanqie 呼改切 莫下切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /hʌiX/ /mˠaX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /həiX/ /mᵚaX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xɒiX/ /maX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /həjX/ /maɨX/
Li
Rong		 /xᴀiX/ /maX/
Wang
Li		 /xɒiX/ /maX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xɑ̆iX/ /maX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hǎi mǎ

Noun

海馬

  1. sea horse
  2. (obsolete) walrus
  3. (obsolete) frog

Derived terms

Japanese

Etymology 1

海馬 (umiuma, kaiba): a sea horse.
Kanji in this term
海 馬
うみ
Grade: 2		 うま
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 海 (umi, “ocean, sea”) +‎ 馬 (uma, “horse”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

海馬 (hiragana うみうま, rōmaji umiuma)

  1. Synonym of 竜の落とし子 (tatsu no otoshigo, “sea horse”) (fish)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

海馬 (kaiba): a walrus.
Kanji in this term
海 馬
かい
Grade: 2		 ば
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 海馬 (xojX mæX, literally “sea + horse”). Compare Mandarin 海馬 (hǎimǎ), Cantonese 海馬 (hoi2 maa5), Min Nan 海馬 (hái-bé).

Pronunciation

Noun

海馬 (hiragana かいば, rōmaji kaiba)

  1. (rare) Synonym of 竜の落とし子 (tatsu no otoshigo, “sea horse”) (fish)
  2. (rare) Synonym of 海象 (seiuchi, “walrus”)
  3. (anatomy) the hippocampus (a part of the brain)
Synonyms
  • (hippocampus): 海 (かい)馬 (ば)体 (たい) (kaibatai)

Etymology 3

海馬 (todo): a female and male Steller sea lion.
Kanji in this term
海 馬
Grade: 2 Grade: 2
Irregular

From Ainu トド (todo), トト (toto, “sea lion”).[1] The kanji is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

海馬 (hiragana とど, katakana トド, rōmaji todo)

  1. a Steller sea lion
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as トド. The kanji spellings are rare. When written in kanji, the 胡獱 spelling may be more common, likely to avoid confusion with the alternate readings of the 海馬 spelling of umiuma and kaiba.

References

  1. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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