日本

See also: 𪰐

Chinese

	day; sun; date day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)	origin
simp. and trad. (日本)	日	本
anagram	本日
Literally: “the sun's origin; where the sun originates”.

Etymology

This appellation comes from Imperial correspondence between the Chinese Sui Dynasty and Japan, and refers to the eastward position of Japan relative to China.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): Rìběn

(Zhuyin): ㄖˋ ㄅㄣˇ

(Dungan, Cyrillic): Жыбын (III-II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): jat⁶ bun²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Ngi̍t-pún
Min Dong (BUC): Nĭk-buōng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Ji̍t-pún / Li̍t-pún

(Teochew, Peng'im): rig⁸ bung²
Wu (Wiktionary): zeq pen (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Rìběn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖˋ ㄅㄣˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ryhbeen
  - IPA ^(key): /ʐ̩⁵¹ pən²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: Жыбын (III-II)
  - IPA ^(key): /ʐɨː⁴⁴ pə̃⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jat⁶ bun²
  - Yale: yaht bún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁹ bun²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yed⁶ bun²
  - IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚² puːn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ngi̍t-pún
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngid bun`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngid⁶ bun³
  - IPA: /ɲit̚⁵ pun³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Nĭk-buōng
  - IPA ^(key): /nˡiʔ⁵⁻³³ puoŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ji̍t-pún
  - Tâi-lô: Ji̍t-pún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jidpuon
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ pun⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Li̍t-pún
  - Tâi-lô: Li̍t-pún
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lidpuon
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lit̚²⁴⁻²² pun⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lit̚⁴⁻³² pun⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: rig⁸ bung²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ji̍k púng
  - IPA ^(key): /d͡zik̚⁴⁻² puŋ⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: zeq pen (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /z̻əʔ¹¹ pəɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪt̚ puən^X/▼

Rime
Character	日	本
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	質 (48)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	人質切	布忖切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪt̚/	/puən^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵit̚/	/puon^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjet̚/	/puən^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵit̚/	/pwən^X/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕt̚/	/puən^X/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕt̚/	/puən^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/	/puən^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rì	běn

Proper noun

日本

Japan
日本電視劇 / 日本电视剧 ― Rìběn diànshìjù ― Japanese TV drama

Synonyms

(historical, now pejorative) 倭 (wō)
(archaic) 東洋／东洋 (Dōngyáng)
(official) 日本國／日本国 (Rìběnguó)

Derived terms

大日本帝國／大日本帝国 (Dà Rìběn Dìguó)
小日本 (xiǎorìběn)
日本人 (rìběnrén)
日本化 (rìběnhuà)

日本箏／日本筝 (Rìběnzhēng)
日本腦炎／日本脑炎 (Rìběn nǎoyán)
日本語／日本语 (Rìběnyǔ)
日本銀行／日本银行 (Rìběn Yínháng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (日本):

Korean: 일본 (日本, ilbon)
Vietnamese: Nhật Bản (日本)

Others (incomplete list):

→ Malay: Jepang, Jepun (via Min Nan)
- Indonesian: Jepang
- → Dutch: Japan
- → Portuguese: Japão
  - → English: Japan
→ Thai: ญี่ปุ่น (yîi-bpùn)
→ Tibetan: ཇི་བེན (ji ben)
→ Zhuang: Yizbwnj

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
日	本
にち > に Grade: 1	ほん Grade: 1
Irregular

/nitipoɴ/ → /nippoɴ/ → /niɸoɴ/ → /nihoɴ/

Coined in Japan of Sinic elements, as compound of 日 (nichi, “sun”) +‎ 本 (hon, “origin”) and literally meaning "origin of the sun". The hon element was apparently pronounced /poɴ/ when first coined. Over time, the initial /p/ lenited, becoming /f/ as shown in the Nifon entry in the 1603 Nippo Jisho ("Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary").^[1] This then became the /h/ sound in modern Japanese.^[2]^[3]

In older texts, this was read as kun'yomi as hi no moto. The on'yomi readings nippon and nihon became more common in the Heian period, with both persisting into modern use.^[3] The nihon reading appears to be the most common in everyday Japanese usage.^[4]

Pronunciation

(Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) にほん [nìhóꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])^[5]^[6]
- IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ihõ̞ɴ]
- Audio (file)

Proper noun

日本 (hiragana にほん, rōmaji Nihon)

Japan
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 463)
  Nifon ニホン (日本) 日本.

Derived terms

日 (に)本 (ほん)海 (かい) (nihonkai)
日 (に)本 (ほん)語 (ご) (nihongo): the Japanese language
日 (に)本 (ほん)国 (こく) (nihonkoku)
日 (に)本 (ほん)酒 (しゅ) (nihonshu)
日 (に)本 (ほん)食 (しょく) (nihonshoku)
日 (に)本 (ほん)人 (じん) (nihonjin): a Japanese person, Japanese people
日 (に)本 (ほん)料 (りょう)理 (り) (nihonryōri)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
日	本
にち > にっ Grade: 1	ほん > ぽん Grade: 1
on’yomi

/nitipoɴ/ → /nippoɴ/

Phonetic variant of Nihon above, maintaining the /p/ sound.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) にっぽん [nìppóꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])^[5]^[6]
- IPA^(key): [ɲ̟ip̚põ̞ɴ]
- Audio (file)

Proper noun

日本 (hiragana にっぽん, rōmaji Nippon)

Japan
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 466)
  Nippon ニッポン（日本） Fino moto. (日の本) 日本.
- 1984 October 20 [Jan 15 1983], Murakami, Motoka, “日本一さなるの巻 [Becoming Japan’s Number One]”, in 六ム三サ四シの剣けん [Musashi’s Sword], volume 8 (fiction, in Japanese), 7th edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, pages 39–40:
  先 (せん)生 (せい)！　オラがんばるぞー‼だれよりもいっしょうけんめい稽 (けい)古 (こ)さして……！日 (にっ)本 (ぽん)一さなります‼
  Sensei! Ora ganbaru zō‼ Dare yori mo isshō kenmei keiko sashite……! Nippon’ichi sa narimasu‼
  Sensei! Ah will do it‼ Ah will train harder than anyone else……！Ah will become Japan’s number one‼
- 1998 November 30 [Nov 25 1990], Fujiko F. Fujio, のび太たとアニマル惑星プラネット [Nobita and the Animal Planet] (大長編ドラえもん; 10), volume 10 (fiction, in Japanese), 22nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 27:
  ぼくらは日 (にっ)本 (ぽん)からきたんだけど…。
  Bokura wa Nippon kara kitan dakedo….
  We’re from Japan, by the way….
  ニッポン？きいたことない。
  Nippon? Kiita koto nai.
  Japan? I’ve never heard of that before.

Derived terms

日 (に)本 (ほん)銀 (ぎん)行 (こう) (nihonginkō)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
日	本
じつ > じっ Grade: 1	ほん > ぽん Grade: 1
on’yomi

/zitpon/ > /zippon/ > /d͡ʑippon/

/zit͡ɕi, zit͡su/ are the kan'on readings of 日, as compared to the goon reading /nit͡ɕi/.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) じっぽん [jìppóꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
- IPA^(key): [d͡ʑip̚põ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

日本 (hiragana じっぽん, rōmaji Jippon)

(archaic) Japan
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 365)
  Iippon ジッポン (日本) Fino moto. (日の本) 東洋. すなわち、日本.
  
  (The quoted ii in iippon is the 16th century Portuguese romanization representing [ji].)

Synonyms

大和 (やまと), 倭 (やまと) (yamato)
日 (に)本 (ほん)国 (こく) (nihonkoku)
瑞 (みず)穂 (ほ)の国 (くに) (mizuho no kuni)
和 (わ) (wa)

References

↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ 2012, ニホンVSニッポン「日本」の読み方、どっちが優勢?, The Nikkei
1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1 2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
日	本

Proper noun

日本 • (Ilbon) (hangeul 일본)

Hanja form^? of 일본 (“Japan”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this word
日	本

Proper noun

日本

Hán tự form of Nhật Bản, “Japan”

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[NPJ-1] Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

[KDJ-2] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-3] 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[4] 2012, ニホンVSニッポン「日本」の読み方、どっちが優勢?, The Nikkei

[NHK-5] 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-6] 1 2 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN