日向

Chinese

 
day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)
 
direction; part; side; towards; to; guide; opposite to
simp. and trad.
(日向)		 日 向
anagram 向日

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 日向 (Hyūga).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

日向

  1. (～市) Hyūga, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
日 向
ひ
Grade: 1		 Grade: 3
Irregular

/pi1 na ta/ → /pinata/ → /finata/ → /hinata/

Originally a compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ な (na, archaic possessive particle) +‎ た (ta, “direction, side”, the same ta element found in terms such as あなた (anata, “you”, originally “that side (distant)”), そなた (sonata, “you”, archaic; originally “that side (nearby)”)).[1]

The use of 向 in the spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)

Alternative forms

  • 日なた

Noun

日向 (hiragana ひなた, rōmaji hinata)

  1. the direction the sun is shining
  2. a sunny spot, a place in the sun
    Antonym: 日陰 (hikage)
Derived terms

Idioms

  • 日 (ひ)向 (なた)に氷 (こおり) (hinata ni kōri)

Proper noun

日向 (hiragana ひなた, rōmaji Hinata)

  1. a place name
  2. a female given name.
  3. a surname​.

日向 (hiragana ひなだ, rōmaji Hinada)

  1. a place name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
日 向
ひ
Grade: 1		 むか
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

⟨pi1 muka⟩ → /pimuka/ → /fimuka/ → /himuka/

From Old Japanese, attested in the Nihon Shoki.

Originally a compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) +‎ 向か (muka, “facing”).[1] Compare 東 (higashi, “east”).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

日向 (hiragana ひむか, rōmaji Himuka)

  1. (obsolete) an old province of Japan, 日向国 (Hyūga no kuni, “Hyūga Province”), corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture on the eastern coast of Kyūshū
    • 720, Nihon Shoki (chapter 22)
      摩 (ま)蘇 (そ)餓 (が)豫 (よ)蘇 (そ)餓 (が)能 (の)古 (こ)羅 (ら)破 (は)宇 (う)摩 (ま)奈 (な)羅 (ら)麼 (ば)譬 (ひ)武 (む)伽 (か)能 (の)古 (こ)摩 (ま)多 (た)智 (ち)奈 (な)羅 (ら)麼 (ば)勾 (く)禮 (れ)能 (の)摩 (ま)差 (さ)比 (ひ)宇 (う)倍 (べ)之 (し)訶 (か)茂 (も)蘇 (そ)餓 (が)能 (の)古 (こ)羅 (ら)烏 (を)於 (お)朋 (ほ)枳 (き)瀰 (み)能 (の)菟 (つ)伽 (か)破 (は)須 (す)羅 (ら)志 (し)枳 (き) [Man'yōgana]
      ま蘇 (そ)我 (が)よ蘇 (そ)我 (が)の子 (こ)らは馬 (うま)ならば日 (ひ)向 (むか)の駒 (こま)太 (た)刀 (ち)ならば呉 (くれ)のま刀 (さひ)うべしかも蘇 (そ)我 (が)の子 (こ)らを大君 (おほきみ)の使 (つか)はすらしき [Modern spelling]
      ma-Soga yo Soga no kora wa uma naraba Himuka no koma tachi naraba Kure no ma-sai ubeshi kamo Soga no kora o ōkimi no tsukawasurashiki
      Oh true Soga! The sons of Soga, if they were horses, would be steeds of Himuka, if they were swords, would be blades of Kure! Thus it is fitting, that the sons of Soga should be in service of the great lord.[3]
    Synonym: 日州 (Nisshū)
  2. a female given name.
  3. a surname​.

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
日 向
ひ
Grade: 1		 Grade: 3
Irregular

/pimuka/ → */fimuka/ → /fiuɡa/ → /hjuːɡa/

Shift from earlier himuka, ancient pimuka:[1][2] see above.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [çɨᵝːɡa̠]

Proper noun

日向 (hiragana ひゅうが, rōmaji Hyūga, historical hiragana ひうが)

  1. an old province of Japan, 日向国 (Hyūga no kuni, “Hyūga Province”), corresponding to modern Miyazaki Prefecture on the eastern coast of Kyūshū
    Synonym: 日州 (Nisshū)
  2. a city in Miyazaki Prefecture
  3. a battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War Two (see Japanese battleship Hyūga on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
  4. a surname​.
  5. a female given name.

日向 (hiragana ひうが, rōmaji Hiuga)

  1. a female given name.
  2. a surname​.

日向 (hiragana ひゅが, rōmaji Hyuga)

  1. a surname​.
Derived terms

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
日 向
ひ
Grade: 1		 Grade: 3
Irregular

Unknown. Possibly a sound change from himuka above; however, the /mu/ → /ɾ̠u/ shift is unlikely. Alternatively, the spelling may be ateji (当て字), with the hiru portion equating to 昼 (hiru, “daytime”), and the ga of uncertain derivation.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [çiɾɯ̟ᵝɡa̠]

Proper noun

日向 (hiragana ひるが, rōmaji Hiruga)

  1. short for 日向湖 (Hiruga-ko): one of the 三方五湖 (Mikata Goko, “Five Lakes of Mikata”) in Fukui Prefecture

Etymology 5

Other various nanori readings.

Proper noun

日向 (hiragana にっこう, rōmaji Nikkō, historical hiragana にちかう)

  1. a surname​.

日向 (hiragana ひがの, rōmaji Higano)

  1. a surname​.

日向 (hiragana ひこう, rōmaji Hikō, historical hiragana ひかう)

  1. a surname​.

日向 (hiragana ひな, rōmaji Hina)

  1. a female given name.
  2. a surname​.

日向 (hiragana ひむかい, rōmaji Himukai, historical hiragana ひむかひ)

  1. a place name
  2. a surname​.

日向 (hiragana ひむき, rōmaji Himuki)

  1. a surname​.

References

  1. 1 2 3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ Torquil Duthie (2014) Man'yōshū and the Imperial Imagination in Early Japan (Brill's Japanese Studies Library), reprint edition, BRILL, →ISBN, pages 227-228

Old Japanese

Proper noun

日向 (pi1muka) (kana ひむか)

  1. a province of ancient Japan, today a part of Miyazaki and Kagoshima prefectures

Descendants

  • Japanese: 日 (ひゅう)向 (が) (Hyūga)
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