君

君 U+541B, 君
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541B
← 吚
[U+541A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吜 →
[U+541C]

Translingual

Han character

君 (radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸大口 (SKR), four-corner 17607, composition ⿸尹口)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 177, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3323
  • Dae Jaweon: page 394, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 595, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+541B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 君

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 君
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (君) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涒 *l̥ʰuːn
麏 *krun
莙 *krun, *ɡrunʔ, *klun
輑 *kʰrun
蜠 *kʰrun, *ɡrunʔ
峮 *kʰrun
窘 *ɡrunʔ
僒 *ɡrunʔ
君 *klun
桾 *klun
宭 *klun, *ɡlun
鮶 *klun
捃 *kluns
群 *ɡlun
羣 *ɡlun
裙 *ɡlun
裠 *ɡlun
帬 *ɡlun
焄 *qʰlun
郡 *ɡluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klun)  and ideogrammic compound (會意) : phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “(hand holding a rod) to administer”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). In the oracle bones and early Zhou bronze inscriptions, 君 was often interchanged with 尹. Shuowen suggests that 口 represents commands, but it may simply be decorative.

Etymology

“lord; prince”
Unknown. Here are several possibilities:
  • Related to Old Mon kmin, kmun (“to exercise royal power; to be king; to reign”) (Schuessler, 2007);
  • Related to 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “director; governor”) and 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) and cognate with Tibetan མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”) (Mei Tsu-lin, 1985);
  • The *k- prefixed derivative of 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “to straighten; to administer”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); however, this is phonologically problematic (Schuessler, 2007).
ACG sense
Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君 (-kun).

Pronunciation

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 君
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕyn⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕyẽ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕyə̃²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕyn²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕyẽ²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕyə̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕỹn³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡ɕyn⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡ɕĩ/
Nanjing /t͡ɕyn³¹/
Hefei /t͡ɕyn²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕyəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕỹŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕyŋ⁵³/
/t͡ɕioŋ⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡ɕyən⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sz̩ʷen³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕoŋ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʌ̃³¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕyan¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕyn³³/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕyn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕyn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kiun⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwɐn⁵³/
Nanning /kʷɐn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kwɐn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kun⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kuŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kuŋ³³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kin²³/
/kun²³/
Rime
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舉云切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kɨun/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kiun/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kun/
Li
Rong		 /kiuən/
Wang
Li		 /kĭuən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ki̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jūn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jūn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kjun ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.qur/
English lord; ruler

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 君
Reading # 1/1
No. 7289
Phonetic
component		 君
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 君
Old
Chinese		 /*klun/

Definitions

君

  1. sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord
  2. (historical) A honorific title: lord
  3. (literary, honorific) you; your (referring to a male)
  4. A polite form of address used among couples.
  5. to dominate; to reign
  6. (ACG, Internet slang) -kun
  7. (ACG, Internet slang) Affectionate name suffix.
    字幕君  ―  zìmùjūn  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
  8. A surname​.
  • (ACG) 桑 (sāng, “-san”), 醬／酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 樣／样 (yàng, “-sama”)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

君

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
君
きみ
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/ki1mi1/: *[kimi] > [kimi].

Pronunciation

Noun

君 (hiragana きみ, rōmaji kimi)

  1. lord

Pronoun

君 (hiragana きみ, katakana キミ, rōmaji kimi)

  1. (informal, men's speech) second-person personal pronoun, you
    • 905 Kokin Wakashū (poem #21)
      きみがため春の野にいでてわかなつむわが衣手に雪は降りつつ
    • 2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “ＰＡＲＴパート１　雨あめのち… [PART1 After the Rain…]”, in SALAD DAYSサラダデイズ　BRAND NEW STANDARD OF LOVE STORIES [SALAD DAYS: BRAND NEW STANDARD OF LOVE STORIES], volume 11 (fiction, in Japanese), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:
      俺 (おれ)は別 (べつ)にいいけど…キミ、学 (がっ)校 (こう)で「知 (し)らない人 (ひと)について行 (い)っちゃダメ」とか、教 (おそ)わんなかった？
      Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?
      Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?
Usage notes
  • This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone.
  • When used in lyrics and poetry, this word is considered less colloquial and more poetic than in spoken language.

Etymology 2

Suffix

君 (hiragana くん, rōmaji -kun)

  1. suffix for boys' names
  2. indicates respect
  3. indicates familiarity
Usage notes

-kun is often used as a suffix when calling someone. The listener is lower or the same level in social position and is often, but not always, male.

Etymology 3

Voiced form of kimi due to compounding in suffixation.

Suffix

君 (hiragana ぎみ, rōmaji -gimi)

  1. indicates respect
    父 (ちち)君 (ぎみ)
    chichi-gimi
    your father
Usage notes

There is no direct translation in English – as with other Japanese honorifics, it might roughly correspond to dear, as in “your dear father”.

Respectful suffixes also serve to indicate whose relative is in question: rather than “my father” and “your father”, one would say 父 (“father”) and 父君 (“dear father”).

Used of nobles. Attaches to close family relationship nouns such as 母 (mother), 姉 (sister), 姫 (daughter of a noble family, princess).

Etymology 4

/kindi/ → /kinzi/. From older きむぢ (kimudi).

Pronoun

君 (hiragana きんじ, rōmaji kinji, historical hiragana きんぢ)

  1. second person personal pronoun, you
    • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Fukiage, ge)
      きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。
    • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Kurabiraki, jō)
      「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」
    • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Kuniyuzuri, jō)
      喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」
See also

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

君 (eumhun 임금 군 (imgeum gun))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

君 (quân, vua)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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