副

副	U+526F, 副 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-526F

← 剮
[U+526E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

剰 →
[U+5270]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

副 (radical 18, 刀+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一田中弓 (MWLN), four-corner 1260₀, composition ⿰畐刂)

Derived characters

㨽, 𫋖, 𨄩, 𠠦, 𦸕

References

KangXi: page 142, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2097
Dae Jaweon: page 322, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 347, character 16
Unihan data for U+526F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		副
alt. forms		付 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 副
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	pɯɡs, pɯɡ
副	pʰɯɡs, pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
幅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
楅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	pʰrɯɡ, brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	pʰrɯɡ, bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	brɯɡ, pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰɯɡs, *pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ) : phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu
Min Nan (POJ): hù

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu³
  - Yale: fu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu³
  - IPA ^(key): /fuː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
  - Hakka Romanization System: fu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
  - IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
  - Tâi-lô: hù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hux
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hu²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/

Middle Chinese: /pʰɨu^H/▼

Rime
Character	副
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	敷救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuw^H/
Li Rong	/pʰiu^H/
Wang Li	/pʰĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	副
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ phjuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰək-s/
English	secondary
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	副
Reading #	3/3
No.	3404
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蝮
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯɡ/

Definitions

副

secondary, auxiliary
(grammar) Short for 副詞／副词 (fùcí, “adverb”).
classifier for pairs, sets of things & facial expressions
assistant, deputy

Compounds

一副
三副 (sānfù)
二副 (èrfù)
全副 (quánfù)
副主席 (fùzhǔxí)
副作用 (fùzuòyòng)
副冊／副册
副刊 (fùkān)
副啟／副启
副官 (fùguān)
副室
副將／副将 (fùjiàng)
副性徵／副性征
副手 (fùshǒu)
副控室
副教授 (fùjiàoshòu)
副文化
副曲
副會長／副会长
副末
副本 (fùběn)
副東／副东
副業／副业 (fùyè)

副榜
副標題／副标题
副歌 (fùgē)
副淨／副净
副理
副產品／副产品
副省級／副省级 (fùshěngjí)
副睪丸／副睾丸
副程式
副笄
副經理／副经理
副線／副线
副總理／副总理 (fùzǒnglǐ)
副總統／副总统 (fùzǒngtǒng)
副總裁／副总裁 (fùzǒngcái)
副署
副翼
副職／副职
副能
副虹
副角
副詞／副词 (fùcí)
副語言／副语言

副議長／副议长
副貢／副贡
副貳／副贰
副車／副车
副靖
副領事／副领事
副題／副题
副食 (fùshí)
副食物
副鼻腔炎 (fùbíqiāngyán)
力不副心
名不副實／名不副实
名副其實／名副其实 (míngfùqíshí)
名實不副／名实不副
名實俱副／名实俱副
名實相副／名实相副
名高難副／名高难副
坼副
大副 (dàfù)
家庭副業／家庭副业
對副／对副
成副兒／成副儿
盛名難副／盛名难副

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: pih⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: /pʰɨuk̚/, /pʰɨk̚/▼

Rime
Character	副	副
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	芳福切	芳逼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨuk̚/	/pʰɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuwk̚/	/pʰik̚/
Li Rong	/pʰiuk̚/	/pʰiək̚/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuk̚/	/pʰĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uk̚/	/pʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fu	pi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰrək/

(Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯɡs/, /*pʰrɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	副
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ phik ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰrək/
English	split, cut open, cleave
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	副	副
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	3374	3388
Phonetic component	畐	畐
Rime group	代	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	副	堛
Old Chinese	/*pʰɯɡs/	/*pʰrɯɡ/

Definitions

副

to split open

Japanese

Kanji

副

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Goon: ふく (fuku, Jōyō); ふ (fu)
Kan’on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō); ふう (fū)
Kun: そう (sou, 副う); そえ (soe)

Prefix

副 (hiragana ふく, rōmaji fuku-)

assistant, sub-, vice-, auxiliary, supplemental

Korean

Hanja

副 • (bu, bok) (hangeul 부, 복, revised bu, bok, McCune–Reischauer pu, pok)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

副 (phó, pho)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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