僚

See also: 𠆨

僚	U+50DA, 僚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-50DA

← 僙
[U+50D9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

僛 →
[U+50DB]

Translingual

Han character

僚 (radical 9 人+12, 14 strokes, cangjie input 人大金火 (OKCF), four-corner 2429₆, composition ⿰亻尞)

Derived characters

𡒭

References

KangXi: page 116, character 25

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1100

Dae Jaweon: page 248, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 218, character 3

Unihan data for U+50DA

Chinese

simp. and trad.		僚
alt. forms		𠆨 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 僚

**Oracle bone script**
j18875

**Small seal script**
s05694

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (尞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
簝	reːw, reːw
潦	reːwʔ, reːws
獠	reːwʔ, ʔr'eːwʔ, *reːw
轑	*reːwʔ
橑	reːwʔ, reːw
燎	rew, rewʔ, *rews
繚	rewʔ, reːw, *reːwʔ
璙	rewʔ, reːw, *reːws
憭	rewʔ, reːw, *reːwʔ
爒	rewʔ, reːwʔ
僚	rewʔ, reːw
嫽	rewʔ, reːw, *reːws
療	*rews
膫	rews, reːw
鷯	rews, reːw
遼	*reːw
撩	reːw, reːwʔ
嘹	reːw, reːw, *reːws
寮	*reːw
飉	*reːw
竂	*reːw
鐐	reːw, reːws
蟟	*reːw
瞭	reːw, reːwʔ
嶚	*reːw
镽	*reːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rewʔ, *reːw) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 尞.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liáo (liao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): liu⁴
Min Nan (POJ): liâu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: liáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˊ
  - Wade–Giles: liao²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liau
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: liu⁴
  - Yale: lìuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: liu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: liu⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /liːu̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâu
  - Tâi-lô: liâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liaau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liaʊ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liaʊ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaʊ¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liaʊ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liaʊ²³/

Middle Chinese: /leu/, /liᴇu^X/▼

Rime
Character	僚	僚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	蕭 (93)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	落蕭切	力小切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/leu/	/liᴇu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/leu/	/liɛu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/leu/	/ljæu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛw/	/liaw^X/
Li Rong	/leu/	/liɛu^X/
Wang Li	/lieu/	/lĭɛu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/lieu/	/li̯ɛu^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáo	liǎo

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤew/

(Zhengzhang): /*rewʔ/, /*reːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	僚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáo
Middle Chinese	‹ lew ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˤew/
English	office or position
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	僚	僚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	8084	8095
Phonetic component	尞	尞
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	繚	聊
Old Chinese	/*rewʔ/	/*reːw/

Definitions

僚

officials

官僚 ― guānliáo ― bureaucrat
companion; colleague

同僚 ― tóngliáo ― colleague; coworker
A surname.

Compounds

下僚
僚佐
僚友
僚屬／僚属 (liáoshǔ)
僚機／僚机
同僚 (tóngliáo)

壙僚／圹僚
大僚
官僚 (guānliáo)
官僚主義／官僚主义 (guānliáo zhǔyì)
官僚政治
官僚資本／官僚资本

官僚資本主義／官僚资本主义
幕僚 (mùliáo)
幕僚機關／幕僚机关
朋僚 (péngliáo)
百僚
臣僚 (chénliáo)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liǎo (liao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): liu⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: liǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄠˇ
  - Wade–Giles: liao³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leau
  - IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: liu⁵
  - Yale: líuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: liu⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: liu⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /liːu̯¹³/

Definitions

僚

^† good; beautiful
- 月出皎兮、佼人僚兮。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yuè chū jiǎo xī, jiǎorén liǎo xī. [Pinyin]
  The moon comes forth in her brightness;
  How lovely is that beautiful lady!

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǎo (lao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ
  - Wade–Giles: lao³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lao
  - IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lou⁵
  - Yale: lóuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lou⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /lou̯¹³/

Definitions

僚

(historical) Alternative form of 䝤 (lǎo, “an ancient tribe in southwestern China”).

References

(Cantonese) Multi-function Chinese Character Database (漢語多功能字庫)

Japanese

Kanji

僚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Goon: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←れう (reu, historical)}
Kan’on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)^{←れう (reu, historical)}
Kun: とも (tomo, 僚); つかさ (tsukasa, 僚)

Korean

Hanja

僚 • (ryo) (hangeul 료, revised ryo, McCune–Reischauer ryo)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

僚 (liêu)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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