れる

Japanese

Verb

れる (rōmaji reru)

  1. In grammar, used for making a passive voice, the expression with respect, voluntary, or ability, following the imperfective form of a verb.
    (passive) 相手 (あいて)の選 (せん)手 (しゅ)に押 (お)されたら、押 (お)し返 (かえ)せ！
    Aite no senshu ni osaretara, oshikaese!
    If you are pushed by opponent players, push them in return!
    (respectful) 私 (わたし)たちの先 (せん)生 (せい)は、五 (ご)分 (ふん)位 (ぐらい)で戻 (もど)られると思 (おも)います。
    Watashitachi no sensei wa, go fun gurai de modorareru to omoimasu.
    Our teacher thinks it will be back in about five minutes.
    天 (てん)皇 (のう)陛 (へい)下 (か)が皇 (こう)居 (きょ)にお戻 (もど)りになられる。
    tennōheika ga Kōkyo ni o modori ni narareru.
    The Emperor would be back to The Imperial Palace.

Usage notes

  • れる (-reru) follows godan verbs as well as the irregular verb する (suru) in the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”). The auxiliary itself follows the ichidan conjugation.
    • (godan verbs ending in -k) 書 (か)く (kaku) → 書 (か)かれる (kaka-reru), 書 (か)かれます (kaka-remasu), etc.
    • (godan verbs ending in -b) 呼 (よ)ぶ (yobu) → 呼 (よ)ばれる (yoba-reru), 呼 (よ)ばれます (yoba-remasu), etc.
    • (godan verbs ending in -w) 言 (い)う (iu) → 言 (い)われる (iwa-reru), 言 (い)われます (iwa-remasu), etc.
    • (irregular verb) する (suru) → される (sa-reru), されます (sa-remasu), etc.
  • In modern Japanese, potential is expressed by the 可能動詞 (kanō dōshi) form of godan verbs and by substituting できる (dekiru) for the irregular verb する (suru). The regular formation with れる (-reru) is no longer used. Recently, られる (-rareru) expressing potential on ichidan and irregular verbs may be shortened to れる (-reru) (see ら抜き言葉 (ra-nuki kotoba)).
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.