られる

Japanese

Suffix

られる (rōmaji -rareru)

(auxiliary, ichidan conjugation)
Examples

変 (か)えられる (kaerareru, “changeable”)
食 (た)べられる (taberareru, “eatable, edible”)

  1. Used to make the passive voice.
    昨 (き)日 (のう)先 (せん)生 (せい)に褒 (ほ)められた。
    Kinō sensei ni homerareta.
    I was praised by my teacher yesterday.
  2. Used to make the potential form; -able, -ible
    このキノコは食 (た)べられますか。
    Kono kinoko wa taberaremasu ka.
    Is this mushroom edible?
  3. Used to show a spontaneous action.
  4. Used to form a light honorific expression.

Usage notes

  • られる (-rareru) follows ichidan and irregular verbs in the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”). The auxiliary itself follows the ichidan conjugation.
    • (ichidan verb) 起 (お)きる (okiru) → 起 (お)きられる (oki-rareru), 起 (お)きられます (oki-raremasu), etc.
    • (ichidan verb) 食 (た)べる (taberu) → 食 (た)べられる (tabe-rareru), 食 (た)べられます (tabe-raremasu), etc.
    • (irregular verb) 来 (く)る (kuru) → 来 (こ)られる (ko-rareru), 来 (こ)られます (ko-raremasu), etc.
    • (irregular verb) する (suru) → せられる (se-rareru), せられます (se-raremasu), etc.
  • When expressing potential, the られる (-rareru) can be shortened to れる (-reru). This practice is called ら抜 (ぬ)き言 (こと)葉 (ば) (ra-nuki kotoba).

See also

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