書く
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 書 |
| か Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
Cognate with 掻く (kaku, “scratch”). Letters were originally scratched or carved in to wood in order to write.
Pronunciation
Verb
書く (transitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かく, rōmaji kaku)
- write; record (words, figures) on the surface of (something)
- 昨日チェンさんは図書館でレポートを書いていました。
- Kinō Chen-san wa toshokan de repōto o kaite imashita.
- Mr. Chen was writing a report at the library yesterday.
- 昨日チェンさんは図書館でレポートを書いていました。
- compose; put (an idea, etc) into words
Conjugation
Conjugation of "書く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 書か | かか | kaka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 書き | かき | kaki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 書く | かく | kaku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 書く | かく | kaku |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 書け | かけ | kake |
| Imperative (命令形) | 書け | かけ | kake |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 書かれる | かかれる | kakareru |
| Causative | 書かせる 書かす |
かかせる かかす |
kakaseru kakasu |
| Potential | 書ける | かける | kakeru |
| Volitional | 書こう | かこう | kakō |
| Negative | 書かない | かかない | kakanai |
| Negative continuative | 書かず | かかず | kakazu |
| Formal | 書きます | かきます | kakimasu |
| Perfective | 書いた | かいた | kaita |
| Conjunctive | 書いて | かいて | kaite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 書けば | かけば | kakeba |
Derived terms
- 描く (egaku)
- 画く (egaku)
Related terms
- 掻く (kaku)
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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