rasti

See also: rastii, rastî, Rastî, and rästi

Finnish

Noun

rasti

X, cross (mark or sign that resembles the letter X)
(orienteering) checkpoint
bugloss (plant of the genus, Anchusa)

Declension

Inflection of rasti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		rasti	rastit
genitive		rastin	rastien
partitive		rastia	rasteja
illative		rastiin	rasteihin
		singular	plural
nominative		rasti	rastit
accusative	nom.	rasti	rastit
accusative	gen.	rastin	rastit
genitive		rastin	rastien
partitive		rastia	rasteja
inessive		rastissa	rasteissa
elative		rastista	rasteista
illative		rastiin	rasteihin
adessive		rastilla	rasteilla
ablative		rastilta	rasteilta
allative		rastille	rasteille
essive		rastina	rasteina
translative		rastiksi	rasteiksi
instructive		—	rastein
abessive		rastitta	rasteitta
comitative		—	rasteineen

Synonyms

(mark): kruksi, vinoristi

Derived terms

Compounds

etelänrasti
italianrasti

peltorasti
rastilippu

rastireittisuunnistus
rohtorasti

tarharasti

Verb

rasti

Third-person singular indicative past form of rastia.
Indicative present connegative form of rastia.
Second-person singular imperative present form of rastia.
Second-person singular imperative present connegative form of rastia.

Anagrams

rasit, risat, ritsa, sarit, sitar, sitra, trias

Latvian

Participle

rasti

nominative plural masculine form of rasts

Lithuanian

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rad-; compare Latvian rast. Can be connected with Proto-Slavic *rodìti (“give birth”); compare the reflexive, rastis (“appear, arise”). Related to rasmė (“yield, harvest”).

There are two conflicting etymologies of this root. The first connects it with Proto-Germanic *rēdaną, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”); cf. ródyti. The second is a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥-edʰ- < *wer- (“twist, turn”); compare Slovene vȏrdati (“rummage, ransack”) < Proto-Slavic *vъrdati, Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉𐌽 (wratōn, “wander”), Old Norse rata (“find one's way”).^[1]

Both etymologies are formally difficult, therefore we may in fact be dealing with a root *Hrodʰ-, unique to Balto-Slavic.^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɐsʲ.tʲɪ/

Verb

ràsti (third-person present tense rañda, third-person past tense rãdo)

find, discover
Àš vakar̃ neradaũ kẽlio pàs jùs. - I couldn't find the way to your place yesterday.
(about feelings, etc.) acquire, get
Màno miñtys nerañda ãtilsio. - My thoughts find no rest.

Conjugation

conjugation of rasti

		singular (vienaskaita)			plural (daugiskaita)
		1^st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2^nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3^rd person (trečiasis asmuo)	1^st person (pirmasis asmuo)	2^nd person (antrasis asmuo)	3^rd person (trečiasis asmuo)
		aš	tu	jis/ji	mes	jūs	jie/jos
indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka)	present (esamasis laikas)	randù	randì	rañda	rañdame, rañdam	rañdate, rañdat	rañda
	past (būtasis kartinis laikas)	radaũ	radaĩ	rãdo	rãdome, rãdom	rãdote, rãdot	rãdo
	past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas)	ràsdavau	ràsdavai	ràsdavo	ràsdavome, ràsdavom	ràsdavote, ràsdavot	ràsdavo
	future (būsimasis laikas)	ràsiu	ràsi	ràs	ràsime, ràsim	ràsite, ràsit	ràs
subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka)		ràsčiau	ràstum, ràstumei	ràstų	ràstumėme, ràstumėm, ràstume	ràstumėte, ràstumėt	ràstų
imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka)		—	ràsk, ràski	terañda, terañdie	ràskime, ràskim	ràskite, ràskit	terañda, terañdie

dalyviai of rasti

	active	passive
present	rañdąs, rañdantis	rañdamas
past	rãdęs	ràstas
past frequentative	ràsdavęs	—
future	ràsiąs, ràsiantis	ràsimas

participle of necessity	—	ràstinas

pusdalyvis of rasti

	active
special adverbial participle	ràsdamas

padalyviai of rasti

	active
present adverbial	rañdant
past adverbial	rãdus
past frequentative adverbial	ràsdavus
future adverbial	ràsiant

būdinys of rasti


manner of action participle	ràste, ràstinai

Derived terms

terms derived from rasti

radimas
rastis, radimasis
rastinis
radybė

radėjas m, radėja f
radvila c
rastinukas m, rastinukė f
rasit, rasi

prefixed forms of rasti

aprasti
atrasti, atsirasti
įrasti
išrasti
nurasti
parasti

parsirasti
perrasti
prarasti
prirasti
surasti
užrasti

References

↑ Žanna Varbot (1974) — 'K rekonstrukcii i etimologii nekotoryx praslavjanskix glagolʹnyx osnov i otglagolʹnyx imen' [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives] II, Etimologija. Moscow, pages 42–59.
↑ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-. Compare Russian расти (rasti).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /râːsti/
Hyphenation: ra‧sti

Verb

rȃsti impf (Cyrillic spelling ра̑сти)

(intransitive) to grow
(intransitive) to increase
(intransitive) to accrue, to accumulate

Conjugation

Conjugation of rasti

Infinitive: rasti		Present verbal adverb: rástūći		Past verbal adverb: —		Verbal noun: —
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		rastem	rasteš	raste	rastemo	rastete	rastu
Future	Future I	rast ću¹ rašću	rast ćeš¹ rašćeš	rast će¹ rašće	rast ćemo¹ rašćemo	rast ćete¹ rašćete	rast će¹ rašće
Future	Future II	budem rastao²	budeš rastao²	bude rastao²	budemo rasli²	budete rasli²	budu rasli²
Past	Perfect	rastao sam²	rastao si²	rastao je²	rasli smo²	rasli ste²	rasli su²
	Pluperfect³	bio sam rastao²	bio si rastao²	bio je rastao²	bili smo rasli²	bili ste rasli²	bili su rasli²
	Imperfect	rastijah	rastijaše	rastijaše	rastijasmo	rastijaste	rastijahu
Conditional I		rastao bih²	rastao bi²	rastao bi²	rasli bismo²	rasli biste²	rasli bi²
Conditional II		bio bih rastao²	bio bi rastao²	bio bi rastao²	bili bismo rasli²	bili biste rasli²	bili bi rasli²
Imperative		—	rasti	—	rastimo	rastite	—
Active past participle		rastao m / rasla f / raslo n			rasli m / rasle f / rasla n
¹ Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. ² For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. ³ Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. * Note: The aorist and imperfect have nowadays fallen into disuse and as such they are found only in literary texts; routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

Terms derived from rasti

ìzrāsti pf (“to grow up completely, fully develop”)
nàrāsti pf
òdrāsti pf (“to grow up”)

pòrāsti pf (“to grow (up); to increase”)
prìrāsti pf
srȃsti pf

ùrāsti pf
zàrāsti pf

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *orsti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈraːsti/
Hyphenation: rás‧ti

Verb

rásti impf (first-person singular present rástem, past active participle rástel)

(intransitive) to grow
(intransitive) to increase

Conjugation

The infinitive is -st-ti, and the first of the two conjugations preserves this. However, a rarer variant form also exists in which -sti is instead split up as -s-ti, losing the final -t of the stem.

Conjugation of rásti

participles	adjectival	adverbial
infinitive	rásti
supine	rást, ràst
verbal noun	—
present active	rastóč	—
past active	rástel	—
past passive	—	—
	present indicative	imperative
1st singular	rástem	—
2nd singular	rásteš	rásti
3rd singular	ráste	—
1st dual	rásteva	rástiva
2nd dual	rásteta	rástita
3rd dual	rásteta	—
1st plural	rástemo	rástimo
2nd plural	rástete	rástite
3rd plural	rástejo	—
Compound tenses (see rástel for all forms)
past indic.	sem rástel
pluperfect indic.	sem bil rástel
future indic.	bom rástel
present cond.	bi rástel
past cond.	bi bil rástel

Conjugation of rásti

participles	adjectival	adverbial
infinitive	rásti
supine	rást, ràst
verbal noun	—
present active	rasóč	—
past active	rásel	—
past passive	—	—
	present indicative	imperative
1st singular	rásem	—
2nd singular	ráseš	rási
3rd singular	ráse	—
1st dual	ráseva	rásiva
2nd dual	ráseta	rásita
3rd dual	ráseta	—
1st plural	rásemo	rásimo
2nd plural	rásete	rásite
3rd plural	rásejo	—
Compound tenses (see rásel for all forms)
past indic.	sem rásel
pluperfect indic.	sem bil rásel
future indic.	bom rásel
present cond.	bi rásel
past cond.	bi bil rásel

Derived terms

zrásti pf
izrásti pf
vrásti pf
porásti pf

prirásti pf
podrásti pf
razrásti se pf
zàrāsti pf

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[1] Žanna Varbot (1974) — 'K rekonstrukcii i etimologii nekotoryx praslavjanskix glagolʹnyx osnov i otglagolʹnyx imen' [Towards a reconstruction and etymology of certain Proto-Slavic verbal bases and derivatives] II, Etimologija. Moscow, pages 42–59.

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437