pena

See also: Pena, péna, pená, penà, peña, pěna, pęna, and pę́na

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Noun

pena f (plural penes)

  1. punishment, penalty
  2. grief, sorrow, pain
  3. a shame, a pity

Derived terms

Verb

pena

  1. third-person singular present indicative form of penar
  2. second-person singular imperative form of penar

Galician

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpena̝/

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment, penalty
    • 1370, Enrique Cal Pardo (ed.), Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo. Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:
      o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas
      the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement
  2. pain; sadness
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:
      en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena
      so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain
Synonyms

Etymology 2

From Old Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. vanes or blades of a water wheel
  2. (archaic) feather
  3. (archaic) pelt
    • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé (ed.), Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:
      coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina
      all of that boiled together with a hen pelt
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pena do Guerreiro (rock known as "the Warrior"), Carnota, Galicia

Either from Latin pinna ("feather, wing"; then "merlon, fortress"; then, hypothetically, "rock"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”).[1][2]

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. boulder, rock
    • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo (ed.), Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:
      alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo
      there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high
Derived terms
  • penedo (“boulder, rocky outcrop”)

References

  • “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
  • “pena” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “pena” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
  • "pena" in Santamarina, Antón (coord.): Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega. <http://ilg.usc.es/TILG/>
  • “pena” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
  1. ↑ Cf. Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1991–1997). Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Madrid: Gredos, s.v. peña.
  2. ↑ García Trabazo, José Virgilio (2016), “Prelatin Toponymy of Asturies: a critical review in a historical-comparative perspective”, in Lletres Asturianes‎, issue 115, retrieved 14 June 2018, pages 51-71

Indonesian

Etymology

Dutch pen

Noun

pena

  1. pen (writing utensil)

Synonyms

Italian

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpena/, [ˈpeː.na]
  • Hyphenation: pé‧na

Noun

pena f (plural pene)

  1. sorrow
  2. trouble
  3. worry, anxiety
  4. pity
  5. sentence, penalty, punishment
  6. pain

Synonyms

Verb

pena

  1. third-person singular present indicative of penare
  2. second-person singular imperative of penare

Anagrams

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Noun

pena f (plural penes)

  1. penalty, punishment

Latin

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension

  1. Alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]

Declension

First declension.

Case Singular Plural
nominative pēna pēnae
genitive pēnae pēnārum
dative pēnae pēnīs
accusative pēnam pēnās
ablative pēnā pēnīs
vocative pēna pēnae

References

  • pena in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
  • pena in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • pena in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Old Occitan

Noun

pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

  1. pain; suffering

Synonyms

Descendants

Portuguese

Etymology 1

From Old Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

Pronunciation

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
  2. pain; sadness
Synonyms

Interjection

pena

  1. pity (what a shame, what a pity)

Etymology 2

From Old Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

pena

Pronunciation

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. feather
  2. quill (pen made from a feather)
  3. (dated) Alternative form of penha
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Verb

pena

  1. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of penar
  2. second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of penar

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Noun

pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)

  1. foam

Declension

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɛna/

Noun

pena f (genitive singular peny, nominative plural peny, genitive plural pien, declension pattern of žena)

  1. foam

Declension

Derived terms

  • penový
  • pienka

Further reading

  • pena in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpèːna/
  • Tonal orthography: pẹ́na

Noun

péna f (genitive péne, uncountable)

  1. foam

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin poena.

Noun

pena f (plural penas)

  1. punishment
  2. pain, sadness
  3. trouble
  4. (Latin America) embarrassment
  5. pity

Synonyms

Verb

pena

  1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of penar.
  2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of penar.
  3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of penar.

Turkish

Etymology

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛnɑ]
  • Hyphenation: pe‧na

Noun

pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)

  1. (music) plectrum

Declension

Inflection
Nominative pena
Definite accusative penayı
Singular Plural
Nominative pena penalar
Definite accusative penayı penaları
Dative penaya penalara
Locative penada penalarda
Ablative penadan penalardan
Genitive penanın penaların

Synonyms

Venetian

Etymology

Compare Italian appena.

Adverb

pena

  1. hardly
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.