ail

See also: ail-, -ail, àil, áil, -áil, and Äil

English

Pronunciation

  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /eɪl/
  • Rhymes: -eɪl

Etymology 1

From Middle English eyle, eile, from Old English eġle (“hideous, loathsome, hateful, horrid, troublesome, grievous, painful”), from Proto-Germanic *agluz (“cumbersome, tedious, burdensome, tiresome”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂egʰlo-, *h₂egʰ- (“offensive, disgusting, repulsive, hateful”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌿𐍃 (aglus, “hard, difficult”).

Adjective

ail (comparative ailer or more ail, superlative ailest or most ail)

  1. (obsolete) Painful; troublesome.

Etymology 2

From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”).

Verb

ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailing, simple past and past participle ailed)

  1. (transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)
    Have some chicken soup. It's good for what ails you.
    • Bible, Genesis xxi. 17
      What aileth thee, Hagar?
    • 2011, "Connubial bliss in America", The Economist:
      Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?
  2. (intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled.
    • Richardson
      When he ails ever so little […] he is so peevish.
Quotations
  • For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:ail.
Translations

Noun

ail (plural ails)

  1. An ailment; trouble; illness.
Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English eile, eyle, eiȝle, from Old English eġl (“an ail; awn; beard of barley; mote”), from Proto-Germanic *agilō (“awn”). Cognate with German Achel, Egel, Ägel.

Alternative forms

Noun

ail (plural ails)

  1. The awn of barley or other types of corn.

Anagrams

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin allium.

Noun

ail

  1. garlic

French

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin allium.

Pronunciation

Noun

ail m (plural ails or aulx)

  1. garlic

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Irish ail (“boulder, rock”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸales-, from Proto-Indo-European *pelis-, *pels- (“stone”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /alʲ/

Noun

ail f (genitive singular aileach, nominative plural aileacha)

  1. stone, rock

Declension

  • Archaic plural: ailche

Derived terms

  • ail leachta, ail in úir (“headstone, monument”)
  • aill (“cliff, precipice”)
  • ailt (“side of a glen”)

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
ail n-ail hail not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*fales-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 120

Further reading

Norman

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin allium.

Noun

ail m (uncountable)

  1. (Jersey) garlic

Old Irish

Verb

·ail

  1. third-person singular present indicative conjunct of ailid

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
·ail unchanged ·n-ail
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Welsh

Welsh ordinal numbers
 <  1af 2il 3ydd  > 
    Cardinal : dau
    Ordinal : ail
    Adverbial : dwywaith
    Multiplier : dwbl

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *ėl, from Proto-Celtic *alyos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (“other”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ai̯l/
  • Audio(file)

Adjective

ail (feminine singular ail, plural ail, not comparable) (triggers soft mutation)

  1. second (ordinal number)
    ail lawr ― second floor

Derived terms

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ail unchanged unchanged hail
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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