faillir
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fa.jiʁ/
Etymology 1
From Middle French, from Old French, from Vulgar Latin fallīre, from Latin fallere, present active infinitive of fallō. See also falloir.
Verb
faillir
- to almost do something
- J'ai failli aller en Allemagne, mais j'ai annulé au dernier moment
- I almost went to Germany, but cancelled at the last minute
- J'ai failli aller en Allemagne, mais j'ai annulé au dernier moment
- to fail
- Tu as failli à ta mission.
- You failed your mission.
- Tu as failli à ta mission.
Conjugation
This verb has two conjugations, one is older and irregular, but is in modern usage giving way to a conjugation like that of finir. It is hardly used except in the infinitive, past historic, and the composed tenses. The third-person singular present indicative faut is also found in certain set phrases.
Conjugation of faillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | faillir | avoir failli | |||||
| gerund | en faillant | en ayant failli | |||||
| present participle | faillant /fa.jɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | failli /fa.ji/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | faux /fo/ |
faux /fo/ |
faut /fo/ |
faillons /fa.jɔ̃/ |
faillez /fa.je/ |
faillent /faj/ |
| imperfect | faillais /fa.jɛ/ |
faillais /fa.jɛ/ |
faillait /fa.jɛ/ |
faillions /faj.jɔ̃/ |
failliez /faj.je/ |
faillaient /fa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillit /fa.ji/ |
faillîmes /fa.jim/ |
faillîtes /fa.jit/ |
faillirent /fa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | faudrai or faillirai /fo.dʁe/ or /fa.ji.ʁe/ |
faudras or failliras /fo.dʁa/ or /fa.ji.ʁa/ |
faudra or faillira /fo.dʁa/ or /fa.ji.ʁa/ |
faudrons or faillirons /fo.dʁɔ̃/ or /fa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ |
faudrez or faillirez /fo.dʁe/ or /fa.ji.ʁe/ |
faudront or failliront /fo.dʁɔ̃/ or /fa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | faudrais or faillirais /fo.dʁɛ/ or /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faudrais or faillirais /fo.dʁɛ/ or /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faudrait or faillirait /fo.dʁɛ/ or /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faudrions or faillirions /fo.dʁi.jɔ̃/ or /fa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ |
faudriez or failliriez /fo.dʁi.je/ or /fa.ji.ʁje/ |
faudraient or failliraient /fo.dʁɛ/ or /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | faille /faj/ |
failles /faj/ |
faille /faj/ |
faillions /faj.jɔ̃/ |
failliez /faj.je/ |
faillent /faj/ |
| imperfect1 | faillisse /fa.jis/ |
faillisses /fa.jis/ |
faillît /fa.ji/ |
faillissions /fa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
faillissiez /fa.ji.sje/ |
faillissent /fa.jis/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of faillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | faillir | avoir failli | |||||
| gerund | en faillissant | en ayant failli | |||||
| present participle | faillissant /fa.ji.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | failli /fa.ji/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillit /fa.ji/ |
faillissons /fa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
faillissez /fa.ji.se/ |
faillissent /fa.jis/ |
| imperfect | faillissais /fa.ji.sɛ/ |
faillissais /fa.ji.sɛ/ |
faillissait /fa.ji.sɛ/ |
faillissions /fa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
faillissiez /fa.ji.sje/ |
faillissaient /fa.ji.sɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillit /fa.ji/ |
faillîmes /fa.jim/ |
faillîtes /fa.jit/ |
faillirent /fa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | faillirai /fa.ji.ʁe/ |
failliras /fa.ji.ʁa/ |
faillira /fa.ji.ʁa/ |
faillirons /fa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ |
faillirez /fa.ji.ʁe/ |
failliront /fa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | faillirais /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faillirais /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faillirait /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faillirions /fa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ |
failliriez /fa.ji.ʁje/ |
failliraient /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | faillisse /fa.jis/ |
faillisses /fa.jis/ |
faillisse /fa.jis/ |
faillissions /fa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
faillissiez /fa.ji.sje/ |
faillissent /fa.jis/ |
| imperfect1 | faillisse /fa.jis/ |
faillisses /fa.jis/ |
faillît /fa.ji/ |
faillissions /fa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
faillissiez /fa.ji.sje/ |
faillissent /fa.jis/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | faillis /fa.ji/ |
— | faillissons /fa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
faillissez /fa.ji.se/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Synonyms
- échouer (2) (more common than faillir)
Etymology 2
From faillite
Verb
faillir
- to go bankrupt
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of faillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | faillir | avoir failli | |||||
| gerund | en faillissant | en ayant failli | |||||
| present participle | faillissant /fa.ji.sɑ̃/ | ||||||
| past participle | failli /fa.ji/ | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il | nous | vous | ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillit /fa.ji/ |
faillissons /fa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
faillissez /fa.ji.se/ |
faillissent /fa.jis/ |
| imperfect | faillissais /fa.ji.sɛ/ |
faillissais /fa.ji.sɛ/ |
faillissait /fa.ji.sɛ/ |
faillissions /fa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
faillissiez /fa.ji.sje/ |
faillissaient /fa.ji.sɛ/ | |
| past historic1 | faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillis /fa.ji/ |
faillit /fa.ji/ |
faillîmes /fa.jim/ |
faillîtes /fa.jit/ |
faillirent /fa.jiʁ/ | |
| future | faillirai /fa.ji.ʁe/ |
failliras /fa.ji.ʁa/ |
faillira /fa.ji.ʁa/ |
faillirons /fa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ |
faillirez /fa.ji.ʁe/ |
failliront /fa.ji.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | faillirais /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faillirais /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faillirait /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ |
faillirions /fa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/ |
failliriez /fa.ji.ʁje/ |
failliraient /fa.ji.ʁɛ/ | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior1 | Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il | que nous | que vous | qu’ils | |
| simple tenses |
present | faillisse /fa.jis/ |
faillisses /fa.jis/ |
faillisse /fa.jis/ |
faillissions /fa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
faillissiez /fa.ji.sje/ |
faillissent /fa.jis/ |
| imperfect1 | faillisse /fa.jis/ |
faillisses /fa.jis/ |
faillît /fa.ji/ |
faillissions /fa.ji.sjɔ̃/ |
faillissiez /fa.ji.sje/ |
faillissent /fa.jis/ | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect1 | Use the imperfect subjunctive tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nous | vous | – | |
| — | faillis /fa.ji/ |
— | faillissons /fa.ji.sɔ̃/ |
faillissez /fa.ji.se/ |
— | ||
| 1literary tenses | |||||||
Further reading
- “faillir” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French, from Vulgar Latin fallīre, from Latin fallere, present active infinitive of fallō.
Verb
faillir
- to fail
- circa 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:
- quant les lances leur failloient, ils se prendoient aux haches
- when their lances failed them, they took up their axes
- quant les lances leur failloient, ils se prendoient aux haches
- 1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 37:
- Ou, s’il leur plait, ils se servent encore de cet empirement, et en font leurs affaires par cet autre moyen qui ne leur peut jamais faillir
- Or, if they preferred, they still made use of this deterioration, and did their affairs by this other means which could never fail them
- Ou, s’il leur plait, ils se servent encore de cet empirement, et en font leurs affaires par cet autre moyen qui ne leur peut jamais faillir
-
Old French
Verb
faillir
- Alternative infinitive of falir
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of faillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | faillir | avoir fali, failli | |||||
| gerund | en falant, faillant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | falant, faillant | ||||||
| past participle | fali, failli | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | fail | faus | faut | falons, faillons | falez, failliez | falent, faillent |
| imperfect | faloie, faleie, failloie, failleie | faloies, faleies, failloies, failleies | faloit, faleit, failloit, failleit | faliiens, faliens, failliiens, failliens | faliiez, faliez, failliiez, failliez | faloient, faleient, failloient, failleient | |
| preterite | fali, failli | falis, faillis | fali, failli | falimes, faillimes | falistes, faillistes | falirent, faillirent | |
| future | faudrai | faudras | faudra | faudrons | faudroiz, faudreiz, faudrez | faudront | |
| conditional | faudroie, faudreie | faudroies, faudreies | faudroit, faudreit | faudriiens, faudriens | faudriiez, faudriez | faudroient, faudreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | faille | failles | faille | failliens, faillons | failliez | faillent |
| imperfect | faillise | faillises | faillit | faillisons, faillisiens | faillisoiz, faillisez, faillisiez | faillisent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | fail | — | falons, faillons | falez, failliez | — | ||
Descendants
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