鹽

See also: 盐
鹽 U+9E7D, 鹽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E7D
← 鹼
[U+9E7C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鹾 →
[U+9E7E]

Translingual

Traditional 鹽
Shinjitai 塩
Simplified 盐

Han character

鹽 (radical 197, 鹵+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 尸田月廿 (SWBT), four-corner 78107, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉鹵皿)

References

  • KangXi: page 1508, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47579
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2574, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9E7D

Chinese

trad. 鹽
simp. 盐
alt. forms
 
䀋
𪉹
𪉩
塩
𥂁
𪉟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鹽
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams) : phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms) + semantic 鹵 (“salt”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-rjum. The Min forms point to a fricative initial in Proto-Min: *ziem (“a white encrustation formed from saltwater or brine”).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • sièng - vernacular;
  • ièng - literary.
Note:
  • iâm - literary (“salt”);
  • sîⁿ - vernacular (“pickled food product; efflorescence”).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 鹽
Mandarin Beijing /ian³⁵/
Harbin /ian²⁴/
Tianjin /ian⁴⁵/
Jinan /iã⁴²/
Qingdao /iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ian⁴²/
Xi'an /iã²⁴/
Xining /iã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ian⁵³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ian⁵¹/
Wuhan /iɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /ian³¹/
Guiyang /ian²¹/
Kunming /iɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ien²⁴/
Hefei /iĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ie¹¹/
Pingyao /ie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦi²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ji³¹/
Hui Shexian /ie⁴⁴/
Tunxi /iɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /iẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /iẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /iɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iam¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʒɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jim²¹/
Nanning /jim²¹/
Hong Kong /jim²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iam³⁵/
/sĩ³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /sieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /iŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /iam³¹/
Rime
Character 鹽
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 余廉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiᴇm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɛm/
Shao
Rongfen		 /jæm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jiam/
Li
Rong		 /iɛm/
Wang
Li		 /jĭɛm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yán
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鹽
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yán
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yem ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢr][o]m/
English salt (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鹽
Reading # 1/2
No. 6116
Phonetic
component		 監
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 鹽
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·lam/

Definitions

鹽

  1. salt; salty substance, especially table salt
  2. (chemistry) salt
  3. (Min Nan) food product pickled with salt
  4. (Min Nan) sweat stain; salt efflorescence

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • sīⁿ - vernacular (usually substituted by 豉);
  • iām - literary.
Rime
Character 鹽
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 鹽 (153)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以贍切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiᴇmH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɛmH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /jæmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jiamH/
Li
Rong		 /iɛmH/
Wang
Li		 /jĭɛmH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鹽
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɢr][o]m-s/
English salt (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鹽
Reading # 2/2
No. 6117
Phonetic
component		 監
Rime
group		 談
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 豔
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·lams/

Definitions

鹽

  1. † (Min) to salt; to lay in brine; to pickle; to marinate
  2. (Min Dong) to devote oneself to; to invest
  3. (Min Nan, of a wound) irritated; painful (from salt or medication)
  4. † Alternative form of 豔／艳 (yàn, “to envy”).

Japanese

Shinjitai

 塩

Kyūjitai

 鹽

Kanji

鹽

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 塩)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Noun

鹽 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 塩, hiragana しお, rōmaji shio, historical hiragana しほ)

  1. salt

Korean

Hanja

鹽 • (yeom)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 염
    • Name (hangeul): 소금 염
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鹽 (diêm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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