蝸牛

See also: 蜗牛

Chinese

land snail ox; cow; bull
trad. (蝸牛) 蝸 牛
simp. (蜗牛) 蜗 牛

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 蝸 蝸 牛
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 見 (28) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 佳 (32) 麻 (99) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open
Division (等) II II III
Fanqie 古娃切 古華切 語求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠuɛ/ /kˠua/ /ŋɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʷᵚæ/ /kʷᵚa/ /ŋiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kuæi/ /kua/ /ŋiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kwaɨj/ /kwaɨ/ /ŋuw/
Li
Rong		 /kuɛ/ /kua/ /ŋiu/
Wang
Li		 /kwai/ /kwa/ /ŋĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kwai/ /kwa/ /ŋi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 guā guā yú

Noun

蝸牛

  1. land snail

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蝸牛 (“land snail”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蝸牛
Mandarin Beijing 水牛兒
Taiwan 蝸牛
Jinan 蛤拉蚰、蛤拉蚰子
Xi'an 蝸蝸牛、蝸蝸牛兒
Wuhan 蝸牛、天螺螄
Chengdu 蝸牛、牛牛、牛牛兒
Yangzhou 蝸牛
Hefei 旱螺螄
Cantonese Guangzhou 蝸牛
Hong Kong 蝸牛
Taishan 緣牛、蝸牛
Yangjiang 蝸牛
Gan Nanchang 蝸牛
Hakka Meixian 螔螺哥
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 螔螺仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 螔螺仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 蝓螺
Dongshi (Dabu) 蝓螺
Zhuolan (Raoping) 蝓螺
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 露螺
Jin Taiyuan 蝸牛
Min Bei Jian'ou 鉗螺
Min Dong Fuzhou 牛母牛囝
Min Nan Xiamen 露螺
Zhangzhou 鼻痕螺、鼻痕
Taipei 露螺
Kaohsiung 露螺
Tainan 露螺
Taichung 露螺
Hsinchu 露螺
Lukang 露螺
Sanxia 露螺
Yilan 露螺
Kinmen 露螺
Magong 露螺
Penang 螺
Wu Suzhou 蝸牛、背包蜒蚰
Wenzhou 蜒蚰螺
Xiang Changsha 蝸牛、天螺陀
Shuangfeng 蝸牛、山田螺

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蝸 牛
か
Hyōgaiji		 ぎゅう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 蝸牛 (kwæ ngjuw, literally “snail + cow”).

Pronunciation

Noun

蝸牛 (hiragana かぎゅう, rōmaji kagyū, historical hiragana くわぎう)

  1. a snail
  2. (anatomy) cochlea
Derived terms
  • 蝸 (か)牛 (ぎゅう)角 (かく)上 (じょう)の争 (あらそ)い (kagyūkakujō no arasoi)
  • 蝸 (か)牛 (ぎゅう)管 (かん) (kagyūkan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蝸 牛
Hyōgaiji Grade: 2
Irregular

Alteration of katatsuburi, in turn a compound of 堅 (kata, stem of adjective 固い (katai, “hard”)) + つぶり (tsuburi, “small round thing”, cognate with 頭 (tsuburi, “head”), 粒 (tsubu, “grain or kernel of rice”)).[2][1]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) かたつ​むり [kàtátsúꜜmùrì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][3]
    • IPA(key): [ka̠ta̠t͡sɨᵝmɯ̟ᵝɾʲi]

Noun

蝸牛 (hiragana かたつむり, katakana カタツムリ, rōmaji katatsumuri)

  1. a snail
    • 1999 March 18, “デビルツムリ [Devilsnail]”, in Starter Boxスターターボックス (in Japanese), Konami:
      闇 (やみ)の力 (ちから)で進 (しん)化 (か)したカタツムリ。手 (て)や足 (あし)があり、速 (はや)く動 (うご)ける。
      Yami no chikara de shinka shita katatsumuri. Te ya ashi ga ari, hayaku ugokeru.
      A snail that evolved with the help of dark power. It can move quickly now that it has limbs.
    • 2000 April 20, “メカニカルスネイル [Mechanical Snail]”, in Magic Ruler －魔法の支配者－ (in Japanese), Konami:
      機 (き)械 (かい)に改 (かい)造 (ぞう)されたカタツムリ。しかし、スピードはあまり変 (か)わらない。
      Kikai ni kaizō sareta katatsumuri. Shikashi, supīdo wa amari kawaranai.
      A snail that was mechanically enhanced, which didn’t make it any quicker.
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as カタツムリ.

Synonyms
  • (snail): 舞 (まい)舞 (まい) (maimai), 舞 (まい)舞 (まい)螺 (つぶり) (maimaitsuburi)
Derived terms
  • 食 (しょく)用 (よう)蝸 (かた)牛 (つむり) (shokuyōkatatsumuri)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蝸 牛
Hyōgaiji Grade: 2
Irregular

Alteration of ででむし (dedemushi, “snail”), itself a compound of でで (dede, from 出 (de, “come out”), from an old children's nursery rhyme calling for a snail to put out its eyestalks) + 虫 (mushi, “bug”).[2][1]

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) でんで​んむし [dèńdéꜜǹmùshì] (Nakadaka – [3])[1][3]
    • IPA(key): [dẽ̞ndẽ̞mːɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

蝸牛 (hiragana でんでんむし, rōmaji dendenmushi)

  1. a snail

Compounds

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  3. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
蝸牛

Noun

蝸牛 • (wau) (hangeul 와우)

  1. Hanja form? of 와우 (“snail”).
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