玫瑰
Chinese
| a kind of fine stone | (semi-precious stone); extraordinary | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (玫瑰) |
玫 | 瑰 | |
Etymology
Appears to refer to a kind of (red) jade originally, as suggested by the semantic parts of the individual characters and the explanations in Shuowen.
Cognate with 梅槐 (“a tree similar to 薔薇”). Other potential cognates include 茅蒐 (“a red plant dye; madder”) and 韎韐 (“red madder-dyed knee covers”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mui4 gwai3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mòi-kui
- Min Dong (BUC): muòi-gói
- Min Nan (POJ): mûi-kùi / bôe-kùi / môe-kùi
- Wu (Wiktionary): me kue (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ˙ㄍㄨㄟ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mei.guei
- IPA (key): /meɪ̯³⁵ g̊u̯eɪ̯³/
- (Standard Chinese, colloquial)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguei
- IPA (key): /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, non-standard variant)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄟˊ ㄍㄨㄟˋ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meiguey
- IPA (key): /meɪ̯³⁵ ku̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: mui4 gwai3
- Yale: mùih gwai
- Cantonese Pinyin: mui4 gwai3
- Guangdong Romanization: mui4 guei3
- IPA (key): /muːi̯²¹ kʷɐi̯³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mòi-kui
- Hakka Romanization System: moiˇ gui
- Hagfa Pinyim: moi2 gui4
- IPA: /mo̯i¹¹ ku̯i⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mûi-kùi
- Tâi-lô: muî-kuì
- Phofsit Daibuun: mui'kuix
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /muĩ²³⁻³³ kui²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui²¹/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /muĩ²⁴⁻²² kui⁴¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /muĩ²⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôe-kùi
- Tâi-lô: buê-kuì
- Phofsit Daibuun: boe'kuix
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /bue¹³⁻²² kui²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môe-kùi
- Tâi-lô: muê-kuì
- Phofsit Daibuun: moe'kuix
- IPA (Taipei): /muẽ²⁴⁻¹¹ kui¹¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /muẽ²³⁻³³ kui²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: me kue (T3)
- IPA (key): /me̞²² kɯe̞⁴⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Rime | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 玫 | 瑰 | 瑰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 匣 (33) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 灰 (42) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I | I |
| Fanqie | 莫杯切 | 戸恢切 | 公回切 |
| Reconstructions | |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/muʌi/ | /ɦuʌi/ | /kuʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/muoi/ | /ɦuoi/ | /kuoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/muɒi/ | /ɣuɒi/ | /kuɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/mwəj/ | /ɦwəj/ | /kwəj/ |
| Li Rong |
/muᴀi/ | /ɣuᴀi/ | /kuᴀi/ |
| Wang Li |
/muɒi/ | /ɣuɒi/ | /kuɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/muɑ̆i/ | /ɣuɑ̆i/ | /kuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
méi | huí | guī |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 瑰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
guī |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kwoj › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ˤuj/ |
| English | kind of precious stone |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 玫 | 瑰 | 瑰 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 13013 | 4660 | 4671 |
| Phonetic component |
文 | 鬼 | 鬼 |
| Rime group |
微 | 微 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
枚 | 傀 | 回 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mɯːl/ | /*kuːl/ | /*ɡuːl/ |
| Notes | 說文作玟 | ||
Noun
玫瑰
- (botany) rugosa rose
- (～花) rose (flower) (Classifier: 朵 m)
- (～色) rose colour
- (literary, historical) a kind of beautiful jade
Synonyms
- (flower): 刺客 (cìkè)
Derived terms
See also
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