See also: and 𝌼
U+6E1B, 減
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E1B

[U+6E1A]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6E1C]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 85 +9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹口 (EIHR), four-corner 33150, composition)

  1. decrease, subtract, diminish

References

  • KangXi: page 633, character 42
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17759
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1671, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6E1B

Chinese

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kɯːmʔ
*kɯːmʔ
*kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms
*kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms
*ɡɯːmʔ
*ɡɯːms
*qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
*krɯːm
*krɯːm, *kjum
*krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm
*krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
*ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram
*ŋɡrɯːm
*ɡrɯːm
*ɡrɯːm
*ɡrɯːm
*ɡrɯːm
*ɡrɯːm
*ɡrɯːm
*ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm
*kjɯm
*kjɯm
*kjum

Pronunciation


Note:
  • kiám - vernacular;
  • kám - literary;
  • kiám - literary (Zhangzhou).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕian²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕian¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡ɕiã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡ɕiã⁵³/
Xining /t͡ɕiã⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡ɕian⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕian⁴²/
/kan⁴²/
Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡ɕien²¹²/
Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ke⁵³/
Suzhou /ke̞⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /ka³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³⁵/
/kɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /kɔ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /kan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kan²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kam³¹/
Taoyuan /kɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kam³⁵/
Nanning /kam³⁵/
Hong Kong /kam³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kam⁵³/
/kiam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kaŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kiam⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /kiam²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (33) (28)
Final () (151) (151)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () II II
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠɛmX/ /kˠɛmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦᵚæmX/ /kᵚæmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣɐmX/ /kɐmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦəɨmX/ /kəɨmX/
Li
Rong
/ɣɐmX/ /kɐmX/
Wang
Li
/ɣɐmX/ /kɐmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ɣămX/ /kămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiàn jiǎn
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiǎn jiǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ hɛmX › ‹ kɛmX ›
Old
Chinese
/*m-kˤr[ə]mʔ/ /*kˤr[ə]mʔ/
English abridge reduce

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 13509 13521
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*krɯːmʔ/ /*ɡrɯːmʔ/

Definitions

  1. to subtract
  2. 55th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "diminishment"

Antonyms

  • (jiā, “to add”)

Compounds

  • 減低减低 (jiǎndī)
  • 減俸减俸
  • 減價减价 (jiǎnjià)
  • 減充血劑减充血剂 (jiǎnchōngxuèjì)
  • 減免减免 (jiǎnmiǎn)
  • 減刑减刑 (jiǎnxíng)
  • 減削减削
  • 減半减半
  • 減卻减却
  • 減去减去
  • 減員减员 (jiǎnyuán)
  • 減噪减噪
  • 減壓减压
  • 減壓時間表减压时间表
  • 減壓病减压病
  • 減壓症减压症
  • 減壓程序减压程序
  • 減壓表减压表
  • 減妝减妆
  • 減實减实
  • 減少减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
  • 減幅减幅
  • 減弱减弱 (jiǎnruò)
  • 減息减息
  • 減慢减慢
  • 減振减振
  • 減掉减掉
  • 減排减排
  • 減損减损
  • 減搖鰭减摇鳍
  • 減摩减摩
  • 減數减数 (jiǎnshù)
  • 減數分裂减数分裂 (jiǎnshù fēnliè)
  • 減核减核
  • 減殺减杀
  • 減毒活疫苗减毒活疫苗
  • 減河减河
  • 減法减法 (jiǎnfǎ)
  • 減災减灾
  • 減產减产 (jiǎnchǎn)
  • 減益减益
  • 減碳减碳
  • 減租減息减租减息
  • 減稅减税 (jiǎnshuì)
  • 減筆字减笔字
  • 減緩减缓
  • 減縮减缩 (jiǎnsuō)

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Suffix

(hiragana げん, rōmaji -gen)

  1. reduction

Korean

Hanja

(gam) (hangeul , revised gam, McCuneReischauer kam, Yale kam)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(giảm, dởm, xảm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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