森林

Chinese

of trees, many woods; forest
simp. and trad.
(森林)		 森 林

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 森 林
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 侵 (140) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) Chongniu III III
Fanqie 所今切 力尋切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʃˠiɪm/ /liɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʃᵚim/ /lim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ʃiem/ /ljem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʂjim/ /lim/
Li
Rong		 /ʃjəm/ /liəm/
Wang
Li		 /ʃĭĕm/ /lĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʂi̯əm/ /li̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shēn lín
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 森 林
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sēn lín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ srim › ‹ lim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.rəm/ /*[r]əm/
English dense trees forest

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 森 林
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11003 8165
Phonetic
component		 森 林
Rime
group		 侵 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 森 林
Old
Chinese		 /*srɯm/ /*ɡ·rɯm/

Noun

森林

  1. forest (Classifier: 片 m)
    森林砍伐率  ―  sēnlín kǎnfá lǜ  ―  rate of deforestation
    注重保護森林 / 注重保护森林  ―  zhùzhòng bǎohù sēnlín  ―  to attach importance to forest conservation

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (森林):
  • Japanese: 森 (しん)林 (りん) (shinrin)
  • Korean: 삼림 (森林, samnim)
  • Vietnamese: sâm lâm (森林)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
森 林
しん
Grade: 1		 りん
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

森林 (hiragana しんりん, rōmaji shinrin)

  1. forest, timber

Derived terms

References

  1. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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