曲

See also: 麹, 麯, 典, and 麴
曲 U+66F2, 曲
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-66F2
← 曱
[U+66F1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 曳 →
[U+66F3]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

曲 (radical 73, 曰+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿田 (TW) or 廿月金 (TBC) or X廿田 (XTW), four-corner 55600)

Derived characters

See also

References

  • KangXi: page 502, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14280
  • Dae Jaweon: page 873, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1484, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+66F2

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 曲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 曲
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) – a bent object.

Also simplified from 麴 via the variant character 麯.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • khiok - literary;
  • khiak/khek/khak - vernacular;
  • khiau - 蹺 used in the Mainland.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 曲
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰok̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰuk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰiɔk̚³²/
/kʰik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰuɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xok̚⁵/ ～調
/xiak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 丘玉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰuawk̚/
Li
Rong		 /kʰiok̚/
Wang
Li		 /kʰĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khjowk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰ(r)ok/
English to bend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
No. 10578
Phonetic
component		 曲
Rime
group		 屋
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 曲
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰoɡ/
Definitions

曲

  1. not straight; bent
    1. twisting
    2. curved
      曲線 / 曲线  ―  qūxiàn  ―  curve
    3. crooked
  2. wrong; not right
  3. A surname​.
Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Note:
  • khiok - literary;
  • khiak/khek - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 曲
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/ ～折
/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/ 大～
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰy²¹/ 彎～
/t͡ɕʰy¹³/ 歌～
Jinan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰy¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰy⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰy²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
/t͡ɕʰy³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiu³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰyʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰyəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰo²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰiuʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰiəu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰiəɯ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiuʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuk̚¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /kʰok̚⁵/
Nanning /kʰuk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kʰuk̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰiɔk̚³²/
/kʰik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰuɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰy²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰek̚²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xok̚⁵/ ～調
/xiak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 燭 (8)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 丘玉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɨok̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰiok̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰiok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰuawk̚/
Li
Rong		 /kʰiok̚/
Wang
Li		 /kʰĭwok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰi̯wok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qu
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khjowk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰ(r)ok/
English to bend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 曲
Reading # 1/1
No. 10578
Phonetic
component		 曲
Rime
group		 屋
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 曲
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰoɡ/
Definitions

曲

  1. song
    歌曲  ―  gēqǔ  ―  song
    曲調 / 曲调  ―  qǔdiào  ―  melody
Synonyms
Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 曲 – see 麴 (“yeast; alcoholic beverage; etc.”).
(This character, 曲, is the simplified form of 麴.)
Notes:

Japanese

Kanji

曲

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. Song
  2. Bent,curved

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
曲
きょく
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

曲 (hiragana きょく, rōmaji kyoku)

  1. a piece of music

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

曲 • (gok) (hangeul 곡)

  1. bent, crooked
  2. false, wrong
  3. a piece of music

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

曲 (khúc)

  1. Being bent
  2. A bend, bent object(s), bent and/or tight places (鄉曲: small/tiny rural area/village)
  3. Being flexible. 曲為之說: apologize for other people in a fluent way.
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