戚戚

Chinese

Etymology 1

		get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe	get close to; relative; sorrow get close to; relative; sorrow; battle-axe
simp. and trad. (戚戚)		戚	戚
alt. forms		慼慼 “sorrowful”

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīqī

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄑㄧ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cik¹ cik¹
Min Nan (POJ): chhiak-chhiak / chhek-chhek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qīqī
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄑㄧ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chichi
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cik¹ cik¹
  - Yale: chīk chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsik⁷ tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: qig¹ qig¹
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪk̚⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak-chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshiak-tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiakchiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek-chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshik-tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhekzheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰek̚ t͡sʰek̚/▼

Rime
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	倉歷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter-Sagart): /*s.tʰˤiwk s.tʰˤiwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰlɯːwɢ sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戚	戚
Reading #	2/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tʰˤiwk/	/*s.tʰˤiwk/
English	relatives	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戚
Reading #	1/1
No.	11729
Phonetic component	尗
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	戚
Old Chinese	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/

Adjective

戚戚

(ideophonic, literary) intimate; closely related
(ideophonic, literary) apprehensive; distressed; sorrowful
- 子曰：「君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  子曰：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, circa 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Zǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ tǎndàngdàng, xiǎorén cháng qīqī.” [Pinyin]
  The Master said, “The superior man is satisfied and composed; the mean man is always full of distress.”
(ideophonic, literary, of one's heart) moved; swayed

Derived terms

君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚／君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚
悲悲戚戚
愁戚戚

戚戚具爾／戚戚具尔
戚戚嗟嗟
瑣瑣戚戚／琐琐戚戚

Etymology 2

		hurried	hurried
simp. and trad. (戚戚)		戚	戚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cùcù

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: cùcù
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄨˋ ㄘㄨˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuhtsuh
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰu⁵¹/

Adjective

戚戚

(ideophonic, literary) hurried; rushed

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