恋

See also: 戀
恋 U+604B, 恋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-604B
← 恊
[U+604A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 恌 →
[U+604C]

Translingual

Japanese 恋
Simplified 恋
Traditional 戀

Han character

恋 (radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜金心 (YCP), four-corner 00333, composition ⿱亦心)

Derived characters

  • 𪮠, 𦃳, 𨄄, 𢣫

References

  • KangXi: page 383, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10537
  • Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2292, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+604B

Chinese

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 恋 – see 戀 (“love; to love; etc.”).
(This character, 恋, is the simplified and variant form of 戀.)
Notes:

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 恋 – see 甚 (“serious; extreme; extremely; considerably; etc.”).
(This character, 恋, is a variant form of 甚.)

Japanese

Shinjitai

 恋

Kyūjitai

 戀

Kanji

恋

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 戀)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
恋
こい
Grade: S
kun’yomi

/ko1pi2/ invalid IPA characters (12) → /kopi/ → /kofi/ → */kowi/ → /koi/

From Old Japanese.

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 恋う (kou, “to love”).

Alternate forms

  • 恋い

Pronunciation

Noun

恋 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 戀, hiragana こい, rōmaji koi, historical hiragana こひ)

  1. love, romantic love
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 4, poem 596), text here
      八 (や)百 (ほ)日 (か)徃 (ゆく)濱 (はま)之 (の)沙 (まなご)毛 (も)吾 (あが)戀 (こひ)二 (に)豈 (＊)不 (＊)益 (＊)歟 (＊)奥 (おきつ)嶋守 (しまもり) [Man'yōgana]
      八 (や)百 (ほ)日 (か)行 (ゆ)く浜 (はま)の真 (ま)砂 (なご)も我 (あ)が恋 (こひ)にあにまさらじか沖 (おき)つ島守 (しまもり) [Modern spelling]
      yaoka yuku hama no manago no a ga koi ni ani masaraji oki tsu shimamori
      On so vast a shore[―]that one could walk eight hundred days[―]would the grains of sand number greater than my love, o guardian of the outer isles?[3]
    • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 14, poem 815; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 65)
      恨 (うら)みわびほさぬ袖 (そで)だにあるものを恋 (こひ)にくちなむ名 (な)こそ惜 (を)しけれ
      urami wabi hosanu sode dani aru mono o koi ni kuchinan na koso oshikere
      Anger and sorrow have made my never-dry sleeves a complete ruin―but still more hateful to me is love's ruin of my good name.[4]
    Synonym: 愛 (ai)
  2. longing, yearning
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 325), text here
      明 (あ)日 (す)香 (か)河 (かは)川 (かは)余 (よ)藤 (ど)不去 (さらず)立霧 (たつきり)乃 (の)念 (おもひ)應過 (すぐべき)孤 (こ)悲 (ひ)尓 (に)不有 (あらな)國 (くに) [Man'yōgana]
      明 (あ)日 (す)香 (か)河 (がは)川淀 (かはよど)さらず立 (た)つ霧 (きり)の思 (おも)ひ過 (す)ぐべき恋 (こひ)にあらなくに [Modern spelling]
      Asuka-gawa kawa-yodo sarazu tatsu-kiri no omoi sugu beki koi ni aranaku ni
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    • c. 1005, Shūi Wakashū (book 11, poem 622; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 40)
      しのぶれど色 (いろ)に出 (い)でにけりわが恋 (こひ)は物 (もの)や思 (おも)ふと人 (ひと)の問 (と)ふまで
      shinoburedo iro ni ide ni keri waga koi wa mono ya omou to hito no tou made
      Even though I hide it, it shows all over my face, such is my longing so that people ask me "What are you thinking about?"[5]

Derived terms

Idioms

  • 恋 (こい)は思 (し)案 (あん)の外 (ほか) (koi wa shian no hoka)

References

  1. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. ↑ Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 570
  4. ↑ Steven D. Carter (1991) Traditional Japanese Poetry: An Anthology, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 227
  5. ↑ Joshua S. Mostow (1996) Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image, illustrated edition, University of Hawaii Press, →ISBN, page 260

Korean

Hanja

恋 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)

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