奄

奄	U+5944, 奄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5944

← 奃
[U+5943]

CJK Unified Ideographs

奅 →
[U+5945]

Translingual

Han character

奄 (radical 37 大+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大中田山 (KLWU), four-corner 4071₆, composition ⿱大电)

References

KangXi: page 250, character 21

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5881

Dae Jaweon: page 510, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 534, character 3

Unihan data for U+5944

Chinese

simp. and trad.		奄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (奄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
庵	qoːm, qoːb
鵪	*qoːm
菴	qoːm, qrom
馣	*qoːm
晻	qoːmʔ, qromʔ
唵	*qoːmʔ
黤	qoːmʔ, qraːmʔ
埯	qaːmʔ, qomʔ
淹	qroːm, qrom, qom, qoms
閹	qrom, qromʔ
崦	*qrom
醃	qrom, qom
掩	*qromʔ
奄	*qromʔ
罨	qromʔ, qoːb, *qob
裺	qromʔ, qoms
俺	qromʔ, qoms
腌	qom, qrob, *qob
殗	*qob
餣	*qob

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn (yan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim²
Min Nan (POJ): iám

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim²
  - Yale: yím
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim²
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim²
  - IPA ^(key): /jiːm³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
  - Tâi-lô: iám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iam⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠiᴇm^X/▼

Rime
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	鹽 (154)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	衣儉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠiᴇm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚiɛm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiæm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiam^X/
Li Rong	/ʔjɛm^X/
Wang Li	/ĭɛm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ɛm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)omʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*qromʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjem^X ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔ(r)omʔ/
English	cover
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	奄
Reading #	1/1
No.	14344
Phonetic component	奄
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	奄
Old Chinese	/*qromʔ/

Definitions

奄

^† to cover
^† hastily; quickly; suddenly

Compounds

奄忽
奄息

奄欻

奄然而逝

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎn, yān

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˇ, ㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹
Min Nan (POJ): iám / iam / am

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: yǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: yen³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yean
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim¹
  - Yale: yīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
  - IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iám
  - Tâi-lô: iám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iarm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iam
  - Tâi-lô: iam
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafm
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iam³³/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: am
  - Tâi-lô: am
  - Phofsit Daibuun: afm
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /am⁴⁴/

Definitions

奄

^† feeble
A surname.

Compounds

一息奄奄
奄奄 (yǎnyǎn)

奄奄一息 (yǎnyǎnyīxī)
奄奄垂絕／奄奄垂绝

奄奄無力／奄奄无力
氣息奄奄／气息奄奄

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yān
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
  - Wade–Giles: yen¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɛn⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim¹
  - Yale: yīm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim¹
  - IPA ^(key): /jiːm⁵⁵/

Definitions

奄

^† Alternative form of 閹／阉 (yān, “castrate; eunuch”).
^† Alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”).

Compounds

奄人

奄宦

奄尹

Japanese

Kanji

奄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Goon: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←えむ (emu, ancient)}
Kan’on: えん (en)^{←えん (en, historical)}^{←えむ (emu, ancient)}
Kun: おおう (ōu, 奄う)^{←おほふ (ofofu, historical)}; たちまち (tachimachi, 奄ち)
Nanori: あま (ama)

Korean

Hanja

奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)

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Vietnamese

Han character

奄 (ăm)

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