善

See also: 譱
善 U+5584, 善
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5584
← 喃
[U+5583] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 喅 →
[U+5585]

Translingual

Han character

善 (radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿土廿口 (TGTR) or 廿廿口 (TTR), four-corner 80605, composition ⿻羊⿱䒑口 or ⿳𦍌䒑口)

References

  • KangXi: page 197, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3904
  • Dae Jaweon: page 418, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 660, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5584

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 善
alt. forms 譱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 善
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (善) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
橏 *tjenʔ
嫸 *tjenʔ
善 *ɡjenʔ
譱 *ɡjenʔ
蟮 *djanʔ
鱔 *djanʔ
僐 *djenʔ, *djens
鄯 *djenʔ, *djens
墡 *djenʔ
磰 *djenʔ
繕 *ɡjens
膳 *djens
饍 *djens

From 誩 ("say a lot") + 羊 ("goat" [=offering]), with the implied meaning of "virtuous." (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Note: sen5-4 - “to die”.
Note: siêng6 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 善
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 常演切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡ʑiᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ʑiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ʑjænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡ʑianX/
Li
Rong		 /ʑiɛnX/
Wang
Li		 /ʑĭɛnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʑi̯ɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 善
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzyenX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]e[n]ʔ/
English good

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 善
Reading # 1/1
No. 11084
Phonetic
component		 善
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 善
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡjenʔ/

Definitions

善

  1. good, virtuous, charitable, kind
  2. (Taishanese, euphemistic) to die
    去善 [Taishanese]  ―  hui1 sen5-4 [Wiktionary]  ―  go to hell

Antonyms

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

善

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Korean

Hanja

善 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn)

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Vietnamese

Han character

善 (thiện, thiến)

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