麻將

See also: 麻将

Chinese

		(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp (to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother	phonetic
trad. (麻將)		麻	將
simp. (麻将)		麻	将

Etymology

From 麻雀 (máquè, “sparrow”), with a diminutive suffix /ŋ̍/ (syllabic velar nasal) from some Wu dialect (compare Modern Wenzhou dialect /ŋ̍/). This suffix then fused with the preceding syllable, and was conserved in the form of a nasal rime /-ŋ/. As an example compare Modern Shanghai dialect 雀 (old pron.: /t͡ɕia̠ʔ⁵⁵/) + /-ŋ̍/ → 將 /t͡ɕiã⁵³/.

The game of mahjong was called 馬吊／马吊 during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where the second syllable presumably represented a Wu dialectal pronunciation of 鳥／鸟 (niǎo) ("bird", see there for more).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): májiàng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁴ zoeng³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mà-chiông
Wu (Wiktionary): mo jian (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: májiàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˊ ㄐㄧㄤˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: majianq
  - IPA ^(key): /ma̠³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    麻將／麻将
    麻醬／麻酱
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: maa⁴ zoeng³
  - Yale: màh jeung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁴ dzoeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁴ zêng³
  - IPA ^(key): /mɑː²¹ t͡ɕœːŋ³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    麻將／麻将
    麻醬／麻酱
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mà-chiông
  - Hakka Romanization System: maˇ jiong´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ma² jiong¹
  - IPA: /ma¹¹ t͡ɕi̯oŋ²⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: mo jian (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /mo²² t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/

Noun

麻將

mahjong
(chiefly Wu, dated in Shanghai) sparrow

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 麻將 (“mahjong”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		麻將
Mandarin	Beijing	麻將
Mandarin	Taiwan	麻將
Cantonese	Guangzhou	麻雀
	Hong Kong	麻雀
	Taishan	麻雀
Gan	Nanchang	麻將
Hakka	Meixian	麻雀
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	麻雀
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	麻雀
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	麻雀
	Dongshi (Dabu)	麻雀
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	麻雀
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	麻雀
Jin	Taiyuan	麻將
Min Bei	Jian'ou	雀牌
Min Dong	Fuzhou	麻雀
Min Nan	Xiamen	麻雀
	Quanzhou	麻雀
	Zhangzhou	麻雀
	Taipei	麻雀
	Kaohsiung	麻雀
	Penang	麻雀
	Philippines (Manila)	麻雀
Wu	Shanghai	麻將
Xiang	Changsha	麻將

Dialectal synonyms of 麻雀 (“sparrow”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		雀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		麻雀
Taxonomic name		麻雀
Mandarin	Beijing	家雀兒、老家賊、老家子
	Taiwan	麻雀
	Harbin	家雀兒、老家賊、家賊
	Shenyang	家雀兒
	Jinan	家雀兒、家雀子、家雀
	Muping	家雀兒、雀兒
	Luoyang	小蟲兒
	Jiedian	飛蟲
	Xi'an	雀兒、麻雀兒
	Xuzhou	小老雀兒、老雀兒
	Yinchuan	麻雀子
	Lanzhou	雀兒
	Ürümqi	麻雀子、乾頭麻雀子
	Wuhan	麻雀
	Chengdu	麻雀、家麻雀、麻雀子
	Guiyang	麻雀、瓦雀
	Liuzhou	麻雀、麻雀鳥
	Kunming	小雀、穀雀
	Yangzhou	麻雀子、麻雀
	Nanjing	麻雀
	Hefei	麻䨂子、麻雀子
	Nantong	麻雀兒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	麻雀
	Hong Kong	麻雀
	Dongguan	麻雀、麻鷝 Qishi
	Hong Kong (Weitou)	麻雀
	Taishan	麻雀、禾雀
	Yangjiang	麻雀仔
Gan	Nanchang	奸雀子、奸雀、麻雀子、麻雀
	Lichuan	禾接
	Pingxiang	麻雀、麻雀鳥仔
Hakka	Meixian	禾鷝仔
	Xingning	禾鷝哩
	Huidong	禾鷝仔
	Qujiang	禾鷝子
	Xiaosanjiang	禾鷝仔
	Changting	禾鷝子
	Pingyu	禾鷝子
	Wuping	禾鷝子
	Liancheng	禾雀鳥
	Ninghua	禾鷝子
	Yudu	麻鳥子
	Ruijin	禾鷝子
	Shicheng	禾雀
	Shangyou	麻鳥子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	屋簷鳥、屋角鳥
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	禾鷝仔、屋簷鳥、屋角鳥
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	屋簷鳥
	Dongshi (Dabu)	瓦雀
	Zhuolan (Raoping)	屋簷鳥
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	必子鳥、屋簷鳥、屋角鳥
	Hong Kong	禾鷝仔
Huizhou	Jixi	麻雀
Jin	Taiyuan	雀兒、家雀兒、麻雀
Jin	Xinzhou	飛鳥兒、小雀兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	毛隻仔、隻仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	隻隻、隻囝 suburban
Min Dong	Fuqing	隻囝
Min Nan	Xiamen	粟鳥仔
	Quanzhou	粟鳥仔
	Zhangzhou	粟鳥仔、厝頭雀仔
	Taipei	粟鳥仔
	Kaohsiung	厝角鳥仔
	Tainan	厝角鳥、厝角鳥仔
	Taichung	厝鳥仔
	Wuqi	粟鳥仔
	Hsinchu	粟鳥仔、厝鳥仔
	Taitung	厝鳥仔
	Lukang	粟鳥仔
	Sanxia	粟鳥
	Yilan	粟鳥仔
	Kinmen	杙鳥仔
	Magong	厝角鳥、厝鳥
	Penang	粟仔鳥、麻雀鳥
	Singapore	粟仔鳥
	Chaozhou	麻雀
	Haikou	鳥暝
	Leizhou	鳥暝
Pinghua	Nanning	偷飯雀、麻鷝雀
Wu	Shanghai	麻雀、麻將 dated、麻鳥 dated
	Suzhou	麻雀
	Hangzhou	麻雀兒、雀兒
	Wenzhou	雀兒、吃穀雀兒
	Chongming	麻將
	Danyang	麻雀、麻雀雀
	Jinhua	麻雀、麻雀兒
	Ningbo	麻雀
Xiang	Changsha	麻雀子、麻雀
	Shuangfeng	麻賊子
	Loudi	麻雀子

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