蒜

蒜 U+849C, 蒜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-849C
← 蒛
[U+849B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 蒝 →
[U+849D]

Translingual

Han character

蒜 (radical 140, 艸+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿一火火 (TMFF), four-corner 44991, composition ⿱艹祘)

References

  • KangXi: page 1048, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31562
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1510, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3259, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+849C

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 蒜

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (祘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蒜 *sloːns
祘 *sloːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sloːns) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns).

Etymology

Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory.

Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر‎ (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (sārmā-, “the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as (controversial) Proto-Altaic *sera (“a kind of garlic”) (Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims)).

Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • soàn - literary;
  • sǹg - vernacular.
Rime
Character 蒜
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 蘇貫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /suɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sʷɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /suɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /swanH/
Li
Rong		 /suɑnH/
Wang
Li		 /suɑnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /suɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 suàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蒜
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 suàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ swanH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]ˤor-s/
English garlic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蒜
Reading # 1/1
No. 12133
Phonetic
component		 祘
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 筭
Old
Chinese		 /*sloːns/

Definitions

蒜

  1. garlic

Compounds

  • 大蒜 (dàsuàn)
  • 大蒜效應／大蒜效应
  • 拌蒜 (bànsuàn)
  • 搗蒜／捣蒜
  • 石蒜
  • 耐儲大蒜／耐储大蒜
  • 蒜條／蒜条
  • 蒜條金／蒜条金
  • 蒜毫
  • 蒜泥 (suànní)
  • 蒜球精
  • 蒜瓣兒／蒜瓣儿
  • 蒜瓣骨朵
  • 蒜苗 (suànmiáo)
  • 蒜薹 (suàntái)

Japanese

Kanji

蒜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蒜
にんにく
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Said to be from 忍辱.

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

蒜 (hiragana にんにく, katakana ニンニク, rōmaji ninniku)

  1. garlic
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ニンニク.

Derived terms
  • 浜蒜 (はまにんにく) (hamaninniku)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蒜
ひる
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”).

Pronunciation

Noun

蒜 (hiragana ひる, rōmaji hiru)

  1. allium
Derived terms
  • 大蒜 (おおびる) (ōbiru, “garlic”)
  • 根蒜 (ねびる) (nebiru), 沢蒜 (ねびる) (nebiru)
  • 野蒜 (のびる) (nobiru)
  • 蒜山 (ひるぜん) (Hiruzen, “Hiruzen”)

References

  1. 1 2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1 2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Kikai

Alternative forms

Kanji

蒜 (hiragana ふぃる, romaji firu)

Noun

蒜 (hiragana ふぃる, romaji firu)

  1. garlic

References

Korean

Hanja

蒜 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ひる.[1]

Kanji

蒜 (hiragana ひる, romaji hiru)

Noun

蒜 (hiragana ひる, romaji hiru)

  1. garlic

References

  1. ↑ 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/77

Yoron

Alternative forms

Kanji

蒜 (hiragana ぴる, romaji piru)

Noun

蒜 (hiragana ぴる, romaji piru)

  1. garlic

References

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