瑪瑙

See also: 玛瑙

Chinese


trad. (瑪瑙)		瑪	瑙
simp. (玛瑙)		玛	瑙

Etymology

From earlier 馬腦 (mǎnǎo, “horse's brain”), a literal translation of Sanskrit अश्मगर्भ (aśmagarbha, “emerald [horse + kernel]”) (transcription: 阿濕嚩揭波).

Compare Tibetan རྟ་ཀླད (rta klad, “agate [horse + brain]”), said to be a Chinese calque, which is later semantically regularised into རྡོ་ཀླད (rdo klad, “agate [stone + brain]”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mǎnǎo

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄋㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): maa⁵ nou⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mâ-nó
Min Dong (BUC): mā-nō̤
Min Nan (POJ): má-ló / má-nó͘ / bé-ló / bée-ló
Wu (Wiktionary): mo nau (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mǎnǎo [Phonetic: mánǎo]
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄋㄠˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maanao
  - IPA ^(key): /ma̠²¹⁴⁻³⁵ nɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: maa⁵ nou⁵
  - Yale: máh nóuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: maa⁵ nou⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: ma⁵ nou⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /mɑː¹³ nou̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mâ-nó
  - Hakka Romanization System: ma´ no`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ma¹ no³
  - IPA: /ma²⁴ no³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mā-nō̤
  - IPA ^(key): /ma³³⁻³⁵ nˡo³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-ló
  - Tâi-lô: má-ló
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mafloir
  - IPA (Xiamen): /mã⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: má-nó͘
  - Tâi-lô: má-nóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mafnor
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mã⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nɔ̃⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-ló
  - Tâi-lô: bé-ló
  - Phofsit Daibuun: befloir
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ lo⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɤ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bée-ló
  - Tâi-lô: bée-ló
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɛ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lo⁵³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: mo nau (T3)
  - IPA ^(key): /mo²² nɔ⁴⁴/

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ nuːʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瑪	瑙
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8720	9372
Phonetic component	馬	匘
Rime group	魚	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	馬	堖
Old Chinese	/*mraːʔ/	/*nuːʔ/
Notes	古作馬	同碯見漢王粲賦

Noun

瑪瑙

(mineralogy) agate

Derived terms

瑪瑙紋／玛瑙纹
紅瑪瑙／红玛瑙 (hóngmǎnǎo)

縞瑪瑙／缟玛瑙 (gǎomǎnǎo)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
瑪	瑙
め Hyōgaiji	のう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) めのー [méꜜnòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- (Tokyo) めのー [mènóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
- (Tokyo) めのー [mènóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [me̞no̞ː]

Noun

瑪瑙 (hiragana めのう, rōmaji menō, historical hiragana めなう)

(mineralogy) agate

Derived terms

縞瑪瑙 (しまめのう) (shimamenō)

References

1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] 1 2 3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN