塚

See also: 冢
塚 U+585A, 塚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-585A
← 塙
[U+5859] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 塛 →
[U+585B]
塚 U+FA10, 塚
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA10
← 﨏
[U+FA0F] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 﨑 →
[U+FA11]

Translingual

Japanese 塚
Simplified 冢
Traditional 塚

Alternative forms

  • There are two Unicode z-variants, at code points U+585A and U+FA10. The latter form (U+FA10) has the next to last stroke of 豖 connected to the top horizontal stroke (similar to 衣).
  • The Japanese form of the character is written with 豕 instead of 豖 as its bottom right component. However both 塚 (Japanese) and 塚 (traditional Chinese) forms are encoded under the same codepoint.

Han character

塚 (radical 32 土+10 in Chinese, 土+9 in Japanese, in Chinese 13 strokes, in Japanese 12 strokes, cangjie input 土月一人 (GBMO), four-corner 47132, composition ⿰土冢(GHTK) or ⿰土⿱冖豕(J))

References

Usage notes

The Kangxi dictionary lists 塚 as the unorthodox form (俗字) of 冢. However, the usage of 塚 persists in Japan with one stroke removed. In traditional and simplified Chinese 冢 is the orthodox form (正字) of the character. As a variant character, 塚 is used in mainland China.

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (豖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冢 *toŋʔ
塚 *toŋʔ
涿 *rtoːɡ
琢 *rtoːɡ
啄 *rtoːɡ, *toːɡ
諑 *rtoːɡ
剢 *toːɡ
瘃 *toɡ
豖 *tʰoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 冢 (OC *toŋʔ) – an earthen mound, a tomb of earth.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 塚 – see 冢 (“tomb, burial mound”).
(This character, 塚, is a variant form of 冢.)

Japanese

Kanji

塚

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. mound, hillock, tumulus (implies a manmade origin)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
塚
つか
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Cognate with Old Japanese verb 築く (tsuku, “to build up using earth and/or stone”).[1]

The /a/ ending may indicate that tsuka developed as the nominalization of the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of the verb, suggesting an original meaning of "that which is being built up into an earthworks (but isn't finished yet)". The irrealis is also the root form for constructing the passive form of all Japanese verbs, so the original meaning might instead have been just the passive sense of "that which is built up into an earthworks".

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

塚 (hiragana つか, rōmaji tsuka)

  1. a mound or hillock, generally manmade
  2. a grave, a tumulus or burial mound

Derived terms

Synonyms

References

  1. ↑ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. ↑ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

塚 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)

  1. cemetery
  2. tomb, burial mound

Vietnamese

Han character

塚 (trủng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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