坑

See also: 阬

坑	U+5751, 坑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5751

← 坐
[U+5750]

CJK Unified Ideographs

坒 →
[U+5752]

Translingual

Han character

坑 (radical 32 土+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 土卜竹弓 (GYHN), four-corner 4011₇, composition ⿰土亢)

References

KangXi: page 226, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4932

Dae Jaweon: page 460, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 426, character 9

Unihan data for U+5751

Chinese

simp. and trad.		坑
alt. forms		阬

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kēng (keng¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâng
Min Bei (KCR): káng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kheng / khiⁿ / kheⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): kên¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: k'êng¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keng
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haang¹
  - Yale: hāang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hang¹
  - IPA ^(key): /hɑːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâng
  - Hakka Romanization System: hang´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hang¹
  - IPA: /haŋ²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: káng
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰaŋ⁵⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kheng
  - Tâi-lô: khing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qefng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɪŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvy
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰĩ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kʰĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kheⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: khenn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qvef
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰẽ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɛ̃⁴⁴/

Note:

kheng - literary;
khiⁿ/kheⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kheⁿ
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰẽ³³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 坑
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰəŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kʰəŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kʰəŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/kʰəŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰəŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰəŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰəŋ²¹/
	Xining	/kʰə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰəŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/kʰə̃n³¹/
	Ürümqi	/kʰɤŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/kʰən⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/kʰən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/kʰen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/kʰə̃/
	Nanjing	/kʰən³¹/
	Hefei	/kʰən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/kʰəŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰɑ̃³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰã⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰen³³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰiɛ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰʌ̃³¹/ /kʰɛ³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰɛ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɑŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/haŋ⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hɑŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/haŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/haŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/haŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰiŋ⁵⁵/ /kʰĩ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰaŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰaŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰẽ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xaŋ³⁵/ /xaŋ³¹/ 俗

Middle Chinese: /kʰˠæŋ/▼

Rime
Character	坑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	客庚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kēng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰraːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	坑
Reading #	1/1
No.	7399
Phonetic component	亢
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	阬
Old Chinese	/*kʰraːŋ/
Notes	同阬見莊子

Definitions

坑

Compounds

坑井
坑人
坑坑坎坎
坑子
坑害 (kēnghài)

坑木 (kēngmù)
坑洼
坑蒙
坑蒙拐騙／坑蒙拐骗
坑道 (kēngdào)

坑騙／坑骗
屎坑
陷坑 (xiànkēng)
饢坑／馕坑 (nángkēng)

Japanese

Kanji

坑

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Goon: きょう (kyō)^{←きやう (kyau, historical)}
Kan’on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: あな (ana, 坑)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
坑
こう Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun

坑 (hiragana こう, rōmaji kō)

pit, usually of a mine

Korean

Hanja

坑 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng)

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Vietnamese

Han character

坑 (khanh, ganh)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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