勉

勉 U+52C9, 勉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52C9
← 勈
[U+52C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勊 →
[U+52CA]
勉 U+FA33, 勉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA33
← 免
[U+FA32] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 勤 →
[U+FA34]
勉 U+2F826, 勉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F826
← 勇
[U+2F825] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 勤 →
[U+2F827]

Translingual

Japanese 勉
Simplified 勉
Traditional 勉

Alternative forms

Note that in Japanese shinjitai, the bottom left handed stroke ㇓ of 免 is written as two separate components (𫩏+儿).

Han character

勉 (radical 19, 力+7 in Chinese, 力+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓山大尸 (NUKS), four-corner 24212, composition ⿺免力(GTKV) or ⿺⿳⺈𫩏儿力(J))

References

  • KangXi: page 147, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2384
  • Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 372, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52C9

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 勉

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (免) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
免 *mronʔ
娩 *mronʔ, *mronʔ, *m̥ʰons, *monʔ, *mons, *muns
勉 *mronʔ
俛 *mronʔ
鮸 *mronʔ
冕 *mronʔ
絻 *mronʔ, *moːn, *muns
婏 *m̥ʰos
浼 *muːlʔ
鞔 *moːn
悗 *moːn
嬎 *m̥ʰons
晚 *monʔ
挽 *monʔ
輓 *monʔ, *mons
脕 *monʔ, *mons, *muns
莬 *muns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mronʔ) : phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – make a strong effort.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 勉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 仙 (79)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 亡辨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mˠiᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mᵚiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /miænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mianX/
Li
Rong		 /mjɛnX/
Wang
Li		 /mĭɛnX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mi̯ɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 miǎn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 miǎn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjenX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*mr[o][r]ʔ/
English make an effort

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勉
Reading # 1/1
No. 9068
Phonetic
component		 免
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 免
Old
Chinese		 /*mronʔ/

Definitions

勉

  1. to endeavor; to make an effort
  2. to encourage; to urge
  3. to force; to do something reluctantly
  4. † to hurry; quickly
  5. † Alternative form of 娩 (miǎn, “to give birth to a child”).
  6. A surname​.

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

 勉

Kyūjitai

 勉

Kanji

勉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Proper noun

勉 (hiragana つとむ, rōmaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

勉 • (myeon) (hangeul 면, revised myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

勉 (miễn, mến, mễn, mịn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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