勤

See also: 懃 and 𝍕
勤 U+52E4, 勤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E4
← 勣
[U+52E3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勥 →
[U+52E5]

Translingual

Han character

勤 (radical 19, 力+11 in Chinese, 力+10 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 44127, composition ⿰堇力)

Derived characters

References

  • KangXi: page 149, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 378, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52E4

Chinese

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 勤
alt. forms ⿰井力 second round simplified

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯn) : phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – to work hard, to be diligent.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨斤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɡɨn/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɡɨn/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɡiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /gɨn/
Li
Rong		 /ɡiən/
Wang
Li		 /ɡĭən/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /gi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 qín
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 qín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ gjɨn ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ɡ]ər/
English toil, diligent, devoted

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
No. 6749
Phonetic
component		 堇
Rime
group		 文
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 勤
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡɯn/

Definitions

勤

  1. industrious, diligent, attentive
  2. 80th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "laboring"

Compounds

  • 勤政愛民／勤政爱民
  • 勤敏
  • 勤王
  • 勤練／勤练
  • 勤能補拙／勤能补拙
  • 勤苦 (qínkǔ)
  • 勤行
  • 勤謹／勤谨
  • 勤雜人員／勤杂人员
  • 地勤
  • 執勤／执勤 (zhíqín)
  • 外勤 (wàiqín)
  • 夜勤 (yèqín)
  • 將勤補拙／将勤补拙
  • 專勤制度／专勤制度
  • 後勤／后勤 (hòuqín)
  • 恩勤
  • 懋勤殿
  • 打勤勞／打勤劳
  • 打勤獻趣／打勤献趣
  • 服勤
  • 查勤
  • 業精於勤／业精于勤
  • 殷勤 (yīnqín)
  • 殷殷勤勤
  • 父母恩勤
  • 特勤 (tèqín)
  • 獻勤／献勤
  • 獻殷勤／献殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)
  • 矢勤矢勇
  • 空勤
  • 精勤
  • 缺勤 (quēqín)
  • 考勤 (kǎoqín)
  • 耄勤
  • 耒耜之勤
  • 聯勤總部／联勤总部
  • 調勤／调勤
  • 警勤區／警勤区
  • 警察勤務／警察勤务
  • 辛勤 (xīnqín)
  • 通勤 (tōngqín)
  • 通勤圈
  • 電子通勤／电子通勤
  • 顏勤禮碑／颜勤礼碑

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 勤 – see 懃 (“courteous, cordial; zealous”).
(This character, 勤, is the simplified form of 懃.)
Notes:

Japanese

Shinjitai

 勤

Kyūjitai

Kanji

勤

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

  • 勤学
  • 勤苦
  • 勤倹
  • 勤倹尚武
  • 勤倹力行
  • 勤仕
  • 勤続
  • 勤惰
  • 勤怠
  • 勤王/勤皇
  • 勤王攘夷
  • 勤番
  • 勤勉
  • 勤務
  • 勤役
  • 勤労
  • 勤行
  • 勤求
  • 勤修

Proper noun

勤 (hiragana つとむ, rōmaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

Korean

Hanja

勤 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

勤 (cần, cùn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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