พระ
Thai
Etymology
From Old Khmer bra or Angkorian Old Khmer braḥ, braḥh, brah (literally “distinguished; divine; excellent; holy; sacred; superior; etc”), of disputed origin; see Khmer ព្រះ (prĕəh) for more.
Compare Old Khmer vraḥ, vraḥh, vrah, vrahh, vrāʼaḥ, brā; Angkorian Old Khmer vraḥ, vraḥha, vraḥh, vrah, vras, vrāḥ.
Cognate with Modern Khmer ព្រះ (prĕəh); Lao ພະ (pha), ພຣະ (pha ra). Compare also Burmese ဘုရား (bhu.ra:), Old Javanese phra, Javanese bra.
Pronunciation
| Orthographic | พระ b r a | |
| Phonemic | พฺระ b ̥ r a | |
| Romanization | Paiboon | prá |
| Royal Institute | phra | |
| (standard) IPA(key) | /pʰraʔ˦˥/ | |
Noun
พระ • (prá)
- god; deity.
- priest.
- royal person.
- representation, as image, statue, sculpture, etc, of a god, priest, or royal person.
- (historical)
- male protagonist, as in a literary work, drama, etc.
- an honorific for or term of address to gods, high priests, and royals, as well as things and beings relating to them, also used as the head of nouns concerning them.
Usage notes
When used as the head of nouns according to the last definition, the term may be combined with other terms to form more elegant heads. Examples are:
| Terms | Literal meaning | Application | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gods | High priests | Royals | |||
| พระบรมมหาราช (prá-bɔɔ-rom-má-hǎa-râat-chá-) | sacred, supreme, great, royal |  | For monarchs | ||
| พระบรม (prá-bɔɔ-rom-má-) | sacred, supreme | | For monarchs | ||
| พระบรมราช (prá-bɔɔ-rom-má-râat-chá-) | sacred, supreme, royal | | For monarchs | ||
| พระบวร (prá-bɔɔ-wɔɔ-rá-) | sacred, exalted | | For princes of the Front Palace | ||
| พระบวรราช (prá-bɔɔ-wɔɔ-rá-râat-chá) | sacred, exalted, royal | | For princes of the Front Palace | ||
| พระปรม (prá-bpɔɔ-rá-má-) | sacred, supreme | | For monarchs | ||
| พระพุทธ (prá-pút-tá-) | sacred, Buddhist | | | For Buddhas and Buddhist high priests | |
| พระมหา (prá-má-hǎa-) | sacred, great | | | | |
| พระมหาราช (prá-má-hǎa-râat-chá-) | sacred, great, royal | | |||
| พระมหาสมณ (prá-má-hǎa-sà-má-ná-) | sacred, great, ecclesiastical | | |||
| พระราช (prá-râat-chá-) | sacred, royal | | For high-ranking royals | ||
| พระวร (prá-wɔɔ-rá-) | sacred, excellent | | For high-ranking royals | ||
| พระสมณ (prá-sà-má-ná-) | sacred, ecclesiastical | | |||
| พระสุร (prá-sù-rá-) | sacred, celestial | | For high-ranking royals | ||
See also
- (noble ranks) บรรดาศักดิ์ (ban-daa-sàk); สมเด็จเจ้าพระยา (sǒm-dèt-jâao-prá-yaa), เจ้าพระยา (jâao-prá-yaa), พระยา (prá-yaa), พระ (prá), หลวง (lǔuang), ขุน (kǔn), หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn), พัน (pan), นาย (naai)
Pronoun
พระ • (prá)
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