с

See also: С, c, с-, с., -с, Appendix:Variations of "s", and Appendix:Variations of "c"

с U+0441, с
CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES
← р
[U+0440] 		Cyrillic т →
[U+0442]

Bulgarian

Cyrillic letter С с
(С с), normal above, italics below.
Handwritten forms

Pronunciation 1

  • IPA(key): /sɤ/

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

  1. The eighteenth letter of the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is съ (sɤ) and it has the sound of English s. It is preceded by Р and followed by Т.

Pronunciation 2

  • (before vowels and voiceless consonants) IPA(key): /s/
  • (before voiced consonants) IPA(key): /z/

Alternative forms

Preposition

с • (s)

  1. in the company of, alongside, with, and
    Той отиде с приятелите си. ― Toj otide s prijatelite si. ― He went with his friends.
    мляко с кафе ― mljako s kafe ― milk with coffee
    ние с тебе ― nie s tebe ― you and I
    хляб с масло ― hljab s maslo ― bread and butter
  2. used to indicate interaction, with
    смесвам се с тълпата ― smesvam se s tǎlpata ― to mingle with the crowd
  3. used to show the instrument of the action, with, by, by means of
    режа с нож ― reža s nož ― to cut with a knife
    пътувам с кола/автобус/влак ― pǎtuvam s kola/avtobus/vlak ― to travel by car/bus/train
  4. used to indicate the material used, in
    пиша с мастило ― piša s mastilo ― to write in ink
    работя с метали ― rabotja s metali ― to work in metals
    търгувам с жито ― tǎrguvam s žito ― to deal in wheat
  5. used to show how or in what way something is done, with, by
    Той говореше за дъщеря си с голяма гордост. ― Toj govoreše za dǎšterja si s goljama gordost. ― He spoke about his daughter with great pride.
    слушам с внимание ― slušam s vnimanie ― to listen with attention
    стоя с ръце в джобовете ― stoja s rǎce v džobovete ― to stand with one's hands in one's pockets
    с всичка сила ― s vsička sila ― with all one's might
    с главата напред ― s glavata napred ― head foremost
    с глас ― s glas ― aloud
    с глух глас ― s gluh glas ― in a toneless voice
    с един удар ― s edin udar ― at one blow
    с една дума ― s edna duma ― in a word
    с цената на ― s cenata na ― at the cost of
    със сила ― sǎs sila ― by force
    улучвам с първия изстрел ― ulučvam s pǎrvija izstrel ― to hit at the first shot
  6. because of something and as it happens, with
    Сенките се издължиха с наближаването на залеза. ― Senkite se izdǎlžiha s nabližavaneto na zaleza. ― The shadows lengthened with the approach of sunset.
    Умението идва с практика. ― Umenieto idva s praktika. ― Skill comes with practice.
  7. used to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence, with
    Книгата падна на пода с голям трясък. ― Knigata padna na poda s goljam trjasǎk. ― The book fell to the floor with a loud bang.
    С влизането попита стопанина дали може да пренощува. ― S vlizaneto popita stopanina dali može da prenoštuva. ― Immediately after he entered he asked the landlord if he could spend the night there.
  8. used to indicate according to what something develops or changes, with, over
    Налягането се мени с дълбочината. ― Naljaganeto se meni s dǎlbočinata. ― The pressure varies with the depth.
    Здравето ѝ трябва да се подобри с времето. ― Zdraveto ì trjabva da se podobri s vremeto. ― Her health should improve with time.
    Тя се промени много с годините. ― Tja se promeni mnogo s godinite. ― She has changed a lot over the years.
  9. having a particular characteristic, possession, etc., with, of
    момче със зелени очи ― momče sǎs zeleni oči ― a boy with green eyes
    яке с качулка ― jake s kačulka ― a jacket with a hood
    човек с куфар ― čovek s kufar ― a man with a suitcase
    човек с голям опит ― čovek s goljam opit ― a man of great experience
    човек с весел нрав ― čovek s vesel nrav ― a man of a cheerful disposition
    човек с вид на чужденец ― čovek s vid na čuždenec ― a man of foreign appearance
  10. used to indicate the specific thing or person that is being referred to, with
    Моля те, внимавай с тези кутии. ― Molja te, vnimavaj s tezi kutii. ― Please be careful with those boxes.
    Те са в приятелски отношения със съседите си. ― Te sa v prijatelski otnošenija sǎs sǎsedite si. ― They are on friendly terms with their neighbors.
    Не съм много добре с компютрите. ― Ne sǎm mnogo dobre s kompjutrite. ― I'm not very good with computers.
  11. used to say that someone or something is the object of attention, behavior, or a feeling, with, to, towards, of
    гордея се с някого ― gordeja se s njakogo ― to be proud of someone
    подигравам се с някого ― podigravam se s njakogo ― to make fun of someone
    Какво стана с приятеля ти? ― Kakvo stana s prijatelja ti? ― What happened with your friend?
    любезен/груб с някого ― ljubezen/grub s njakogo ― polite/rude to/towards someone
  12. in the performance, condition, behavior, or quality of something/someone, with
    Какъв е проблемът с колата ти? ― Kakǎv e problemǎt s kolata ti? ― What's the problem with your car?
    Лекарите се опитват да разберат какво не е наред с него. ― Lekarite se opitvat da razberat kakvo ne e nared s nego. ― The doctors are trying to figure out what is wrong with him.
  13. used in exclamations consisting of a repeated noun phrase and expressing blame, indignation, dissatisfaction, etc.
    Глупак с глупак! ― Glupak s glupak! ― You silly fool!
    Глупака му с глупак! ― Glupaka mu s glupak! ― The silly fool!
  14. used to indicate the thing or person that replaces something/someone, for, by, with
    заменям A с B ― zamenjam A s B ― to replace A by B
    Бих искал да заменя този пуловер с по-малък. ― Bih iskal da zamenja tozi pulover s po-malǎk. ― I'd like to exchange this sweater for a smaller one.
    Замених старото килимче с ново. ― Zamenih staroto kilimče s novo. ― I replaced the old rug with a new one.
  15. used to indicate a large amount of something (most commonly time), for, in
    Чаках те с часове в дъжда. ― Čakah te s časove v dǎžda. ― I waited for you for hours in the rain.
    Не съм го виждал с години. ― Ne sǎm go viždal s godini. ― I haven't seen him in years.
    Хора с хиляди се тълпяха да я видят. ― Hora s hiljadi se tǎlpjaha da ja vidjat. ― People flocked in their thousands to see her.
  16. used when comparing to indicate the difference in quantity, age, etc., by, with
    с един метър по-дълъг ― s edin metǎr po-dǎlǎg ― longer by one metre/a metre longer
    с няколко години по-млад ― s njakolko godini po-mlad ― a few years younger
    Закъснях с 10 минути. ― Zakǎsnjah s 10 minuti. ― I was 10 minutes late/too late by ten minutes.
    с един ден по-рано ― s edin den po-rano ― a day early/too soon
    в сравнение с ― v sravnenie s ― in comparison with/compared with
  17. used to indicate connection, joining, with, to
    Полицията не можаха да я свържат с престъплението. ― Policijata ne možaha da ja svǎržat s prestǎplenieto. ― Police were unable to connect her with/to the crime.
    свързвам се с някого ― svǎrzvam se s njakogo ― to get in touch with someone
  18. used to indicate separation from someone/something, with
    Тя се раздели с приятелите си заради инцидента. ― Tja se razdeli s prijatelite si zaradi incidenta. ― She broke ties with her friends because of the incident.
  19. in opposition to somebody/something, with, against
    боря се с бедността ― borja se s bednostta ― to struggle against poverty
    бия се с някого ― bija se s njakogo ― to fight with somebody
    играя футбол с някого ― igraja futbol s njakogo ― to play football with somebody
    Скарахме се със съседите заради височината на оградата. ― Skarahme se sǎs sǎsedite zaradi visočinata na ogradata. ― We had a disagreement with our neighbors over the height of the new fence.
  20. used to say that something fills something, covers something, etc., with, of, by
    Гаражът е пълен с боклуци. ― Garažǎt e pǎlen s bokluci. ― The garage is filled with junk.
    бутилка, пълна с мляко ― butilka, pǎlna s mljako ― a bottle full of milk
    ваза с цветя ― vaza s cvetja ― a vase of flowers
    Стената цялата е покрита с графити. ― Stenata cjalata e pokrita s grafiti. ― The wall is completely covered with graffiti.
    Езерото е заобиколено с дървета. ― Ezeroto e zaobikoleno s dǎrveta. ― The lake is surrounded with/by trees.
  21. used in wishes, greetings, salutations, parting phrases, etc.
    Със здраве! ― Sǎs zdrave! ― So long!
    с най-добри пожелания ― s naj-dobri poželanija ― (with) best wishes
    с поздрав ― s pozdrav ― best regards
    с уважение ― s uvaženie ― respectfully yours
    сбогом ― sbogom ― goodbye
Usage notes

In writing, със is used in front of words starting with с or з and с is used elsewhere. In speech, с and със are used interchangeably. In writing and in speech, със is also used as a stressed form of с, even before words not beginning with с or з, as in

със или без твоя помощ ― sǎs ili bez tvoja pomošt ― with or without your help.

In verse, със can also be used in front of words not starting with с or з in order to maintain the syllable structure of the line.

Ossetian

Pronunciation

  • (phoneme) IPA(key): /s~ʃ/

Letter

с • (s) (upper case С)

  1. The twenty-third letter of the Ossetian alphabet

See also

Russian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [s]
  • Audio(file)

Letter

с • (s) (lower case, upper case С)

  1. The nineteenth letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet. Its name is эс (es) and it has the sound of English s. It is preceded by Р (R) and followed by Т (T).

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [s]
  • Audio(file)

Preposition

с • (s)

  1. with (+ instrumental case)
    с (мои́м) бра́том ― s (moím) brátom ― with (my) brother
    с (мое́й) сестро́й ― s (mojéj) sestrój ― with (my) sister
    со все́ми ― so vsémi ― with everybody
    со мной ― so mnoj ― with me
    с тобо́й ― s tobój ― with you
  2. from, off, from off, from below (with abstract nouns; nouns entailing a flat, open area; and special exceptions) (+ genitive case)
    с по́чты ― s póčty ― from the post office
    с по́ля ― s pólja ― from the field
    с рабо́ты ― s rabóty ― from work
    со стола́ ― so stolá ― off the table
    сдёрнуть ска́терть со стола́ ― sdjórnutʹ skátertʹ so stolá ― to pull the cloth off the table
    с нача́ла до конца́ ― s načála do koncá ― from beginning to end
  3. because of, since (expressing a cause of motivation) (+ genitive case)
    с испу́га ― s ispúga ― due to being frightened
  4. for, about (indefinite time or number) (+ accusative case)
  5. (for indicating a duration of time; used in two forms: с +genitive по +accusative and с +genitive до +genitive)
    Ремо́нт гла́вного зда́ния бу́дет проводи́ться с два́дцать пя́того января́ по седьмо́е февраля́
    Remónt glávnovo zdánija búdet provodítʹsja s dvádcatʹ pjátovo janvarjá po sedʹmóje fevraljá
    The renovation of the main building will be conducted from January 25th to February 7th.
  6. (for time expressions)
    с ка́ждым го́дом ― s káždym gódom ― from year to year, year by year, year after year
Usage notes
  • со (so) is used before words with certain awkward consonant clusters such as мн (mn), вс (vs), and сн (sn).
  • A noun phrase with the preposition с (s) or со (so) and an abstract noun declined with the instrumental case can show adverb-like qualities. The most notable ones are below:

Etymology 3

Abbreviation of санти- (santi-).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [sənʲtʲɪ] (phonetic respelling: санти-)

Prefix

с • (s)

  1. centi- (0.01)
References
    1. (+ instrumental case) with, together with, along with
      радити с неким ― to work with somebody
      свађати се с неким ― to quarrel with somebody
      ратовати с неким ― to wage war with somebody
      д(ј)евојка с плавом косом ― a girl with blonde hair
      с годинама долази мудрост ― with age comes wisdom
      с љубављу ― with love
    2. (+ instrumental case) miscellaneous prepositional senses in various phrases
      Шта/што је с тобом? ― What's wrong with you?
      с временом ― in time
      поздравити се једно с другим ― part ways with each other
    3. (+ genitive case) from, off
      пао сам са стабла ― I fell from the tree
      с друге стране ― on the other side
      са запада ― from the west
      с леђа ― from the back
      проматрати с прозора ― to observe from the window
      људи с планине ― people from the mountain
    4. (proscribed) (+ genitive case) because of (= из, збо̏г)
      с тог разлога ― for that reason
    Usage notes

    с takes the alternative form са in the following environments:

    • before the sibilants /s, š, z, ž/:
      са стра́не̄
      aside
      са шко̑ло̄м
      with school
      са зу̑бом
      with the tooth
      са живо̀том
      with life
    • before consonant clusters where the second consonant is /s, š, z/:
      {{ux|sh|sc=Cyrl|са псо̏м|with the dog
      са пшѐницо̄м
      with wheat
      {{ux|sh|sc=Cyrl|са р̏за̄њем|with neighing
    • before the instrumental form of the first-person pronoun ја̑ (“I”)
      {{ux|sh|sc=Cyrl|са мно̑м|with me

    Etymology 3

    Alternative forms

    Abbreviation

    с (Roman spelling s)

    1. (grammar) neuter gender (средњи род)
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