tom

See also: Tom, TOM, tóm, tõm, tǫ̂m, t.o.m., tom', and Appendix:Variations of "tom"

English

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /tɒm/
  • (US) IPA(key): /tɑm/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒm

Etymology 1

From generic use of the proper name Tom.

Noun

tom (plural toms)

  1. The male of the domesticated cat.
  2. The male of the turkey.
  3. The male of the orangutan.
  4. The male of certain other animals.
  5. (Britain, slang) prostitutes
  6. (US, slang) A lesbian.
  7. (music) A type of drum.
  8. (obsolete) The jack of trumps in the card game gleek.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

Shortened from tomato

Noun

tom (plural toms)

  1. (Britain, greengrocers' slang) A tomato (the fruit).
    Toms 90p a pound

Etymology 3

Rhyming slang from tomfoolery.

Noun

tom (uncountable)

  1. (Cockney rhyming slang) jewellery

Etymology 4

From Uncle Tom.

Verb

tom (third-person singular simple present toms, present participle tomming, simple past and past participle tommed)

  1. (intransitive, derogatory, of a black person) To act in an obsequiously servile manner toward white authority.

Etymology 5

Verb

tom (third-person singular simple present toms, present participle tomming, simple past and past participle tommed)

  1. (nautical) To dig out a hole below the hatch cover of a bulker and fill it with cargo or weights to aid stability.

Anagrams

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse tómr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tɔm/, [tˢʌmˀ]

Adjective

tom

  1. empty

References

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish tom (“bush, tuft; hillock, knoll”).

Pronunciation

Noun

tom m (genitive singular toim, nominative plural toim or tomacha)

  1. bush, shrub
  2. clump, tuft, tussock
Declension
  • Alternative plural: tomacha (Cois Fharraige)
Synonyms
  • (bush, shrub): tor
Derived terms
  • tomach (“bushy; tufted”)

Etymology 2

Noun

tom m (genitive singular toma, nominative plural tomanna)

  1. Alternative form of taom (“fit, paroxysm”)
Declension

Etymology 3

Verb

tom (present analytic tomann, future analytic tomfaidh, verbal noun tomadh, past participle tomtha)

  1. Alternative form of tum (“dip, immerse”)
Conjugation

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
tom thom dtom
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [tɔm]

Determiner

tom

  1. locative masculine singular of ten
  2. locative neuter singular of ten

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse tómr

Adjective

tom (neuter singular tomt, definite singular and plural tomme, comparative tommere, indefinite superlative tommest, definite superlative tommeste)

  1. empty

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse tómr

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tʊmː/

Adjective

tom (neuter singular tomt, definite singular and plural tomme, comparative tommare, indefinite superlative tommast, definite superlative tommaste)

  1. empty

Derived terms

References

Oksapmin

Noun

tom

  1. water

Reference

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *tōmaz (“empty”). Akin to Old Norse tómr (“empty”), whence Icelandic tómur (“empty”).

Adjective

tōm

  1. empty
  2. (figuratively) free from

Descendants

Polish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [t̪ɔ̃m]
  • audio(file)

Noun

tom m inan

  1. volume (single book of a publication issued in multi-book format)

Declension

Portuguese

Etymology

Probably a semi-learned borrowing from Latin tonus (and influenced by som; compare the Spanish ton, variant of the standard tono, which underwent a similar change, influenced by son, respectively), from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “tone”), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”). Cf. also trom, a possible doublet.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tõ/
  • Hyphenation: tom

Noun

tom m (plural tons)

  1. tone or pitch (property of sound determined by the frequency)
  2. (music) tone (interval of a major second)
  3. (music) key.

See also

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /t̪ʰɔum/

Noun

tom m (genitive singular tuim, plural toman or tomannan)

  1. round hillock or knoll, rising ground, swell, green eminence
  2. any round heap
  3. tuft of anything
  4. bush, thicket
  5. anthill
  6. (Islay) stool
  7. volume of a book
  8. bank
  9. grave
  10. (medicine, rare) the plague
  11. conical knoll

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtóːm/
  • Tonal orthography: tọ̑m

Noun

tóm m inan (genitive tóma, nominative plural tómi)

  1. tome

Declension

See also

Swedish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse tómr.

Pronunciation

  • (Swedish) IPA(key): /tum/
  • audio(file)

Adjective

tom

  1. empty
    tomma tunnor skramlar mest
    empty barrels make the most noise (those who complain most vigorously, are the least important)
Declension
Inflection of tom
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular tom tommare tommast
Neuter singular tomt tommare tommast
Plural tomma tommare tommast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 tomme tommare tommaste
All tomma tommare tommaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
Antonyms
  • halvtom
  • tomburk
  • tombutelj
  • tomfat
  • tomflaska
  • tomglas
  • tomgång
  • tomhet
  • tomhylsa
  • tomhänt
  • tomkartong
  • tomlåda
  • tomlår
  • tomme

Etymology 2

Used in Swedish since 1697. From French tome, Latin tomus (“section of larger work”), from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos, “section, roll of papyrus, volume”), from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut, separate”). Cognate with English tome.

Pronunciation

Noun

tom c

  1. a tome, a volume in a series of books, a (thick) book
Declension
Declension of tom 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative tom tomen tomer tomerna
Genitive toms tomens tomers tomernas
  • tomtals

References

Zuni

Pronoun

tom

  1. Second person singular possessive (medial position)
    your
  2. Second person singular object
    you
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