| Conjugation of -kaa |
| Non-finite forms |
| Form |
Positive |
Negative |
| Infinitive |
kukaa |
kutokaa |
| Simple finite forms |
| Positive form |
Singular |
Plural |
| Imperative |
kaa |
kaeni |
| Habitual |
hukaa |
| Complex finite forms |
| Polarity |
Persons |
Persons / Classes |
Classes |
| 1st |
2nd |
3rd / M-wa |
M-mi |
Ma |
Ki-vi |
N |
U |
Ku |
Pa |
Mu |
| Sg. |
Pl. |
Sg. |
Pl. |
Sg. / 1 |
Pl. / 2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 / 14 |
15 / 17 |
16 |
18 |
| Past |
| Positive |
nilikaa nalikaa |
tulikaa twalikaa |
ulikaa walikaa |
mlikaa mwalikaa |
alikaa |
walikaa |
ulikaa |
ilikaa |
lilikaa |
yalikaa |
kilikaa |
vilikaa |
ilikaa |
zilikaa |
ulikaa |
kulikaa |
palikaa |
mulikaa |
| Relative |
niliokaa naliokaa |
tuliokaa twaliokaa |
uliokaa waliokaa |
mliokaa mwaliokaa |
aliokaa |
waliokaa |
uliokaa |
iliokaa |
liliokaa |
yaliokaa |
kiliokaa |
viliokaa |
iliokaa |
ziliokaa |
uliokaa |
kuliokaa |
paliokaa |
muliokaa |
| Negative |
sikukaa |
hatukukaa |
hukukaa |
hamkukaa |
hakukaa |
hawakukaa |
haukukaa |
haikukaa |
halikukaa |
hayakukaa |
hakikukaa |
havikukaa |
haikukaa |
hazikukaa |
haukukaa |
hakukukaa |
hapakukaa |
hamukukaa |
|
| Present |
| Positive |
ninakaa nakaa |
tunakaa |
unakaa |
mnakaa |
anakaa |
wanakaa |
unakaa |
inakaa |
linakaa |
yanakaa |
kinakaa |
vinakaa |
inakaa |
zinakaa |
unakaa |
kunakaa |
panakaa |
munakaa |
| Relative |
ninaokaa naokaa |
tunaokaa |
unaokaa |
mnaokaa |
anaokaa |
wanaokaa |
unaokaa |
inaokaa |
linaokaa |
yanaokaa |
kinaokaa |
vinaokaa |
inaokaa |
zinaokaa |
unaokaa |
kunaokaa |
panaokaa |
munaokaa |
| Negative |
sikai |
hatukai |
hukai |
hamkai |
hakai |
hawakai |
haukai |
haikai |
halikai |
hayakai |
hakikai |
havikai |
haikai |
hazikai |
haukai |
hakukai |
hapakai |
hamukai |
|
| Future |
| Positive |
nitakaa |
tutakaa |
utakaa |
mtakaa |
atakaa |
watakaa |
utakaa |
itakaa |
litakaa |
yatakaa |
kitakaa |
vitakaa |
itakaa |
zitakaa |
utakaa |
kutakaa |
patakaa |
mutakaa |
| Relative |
nitakaokaa |
tutakaokaa |
utakaokaa |
mtakaokaa |
atakaokaa |
watakaokaa |
utakaokaa |
itakaokaa |
litakaokaa |
yatakaokaa |
kitakaokaa |
vitakaokaa |
itakaokaa |
zitakaokaa |
utakaokaa |
kutakaokaa |
patakaokaa |
mutakaokaa |
| Negative |
sitakaa |
hatutakaa |
hutakaa |
hamtakaa |
hatakaa |
hawatakaa |
hautakaa |
haitakaa |
halitakaa |
hayatakaa |
hakitakaa |
havitakaa |
haitakaa |
hazitakaa |
hautakaa |
hakutakaa |
hapatakaa |
hamutakaa |
|
| Subjunctive |
| Positive |
nikae |
tukae |
ukae |
mkae |
akae |
wakae |
ukae |
ikae |
likae |
yakae |
kikae |
vikae |
ikae |
zikae |
ukae |
kukae |
pakae |
mukae |
| Negative |
nisikae |
tusikae |
usikae |
msikae |
asikae |
wasikae |
usikae |
isikae |
lisikae |
yasikae |
kisikae |
visikae |
isikae |
zisikae |
usikae |
kusikae |
pasikae |
musikae |
|
| Present Conditional |
| Positive |
ningekaa |
tungekaa |
ungekaa |
mngekaa |
angekaa |
wangekaa |
ungekaa |
ingekaa |
lingekaa |
yangekaa |
kingekaa |
vingekaa |
ingekaa |
zingekaa |
ungekaa |
kungekaa |
pangekaa |
mungekaa |
| Negative |
nisingekaa singekaa |
tusingekaa hatungekaa |
usingekaa hungekaa |
msingekaa hamngekaa |
asingekaa hangekaa |
wasingekaa hawangekaa |
usingekaa haungekaa |
isingekaa haingekaa |
lisingekaa halingekaa |
yasingekaa hayangekaa |
kisingekaa hakingekaa |
visingekaa havingekaa |
isingekaa haingekaa |
zisingekaa hazingekaa |
usingekaa haungekaa |
kusingekaa hakungekaa |
pasingekaa hapangekaa |
musingekaa hamungekaa |
|
| Past Conditional |
| Positive |
ningalikaa |
tungalikaa |
ungalikaa |
mngalikaa |
angalikaa |
wangalikaa |
ungalikaa |
ingalikaa |
lingalikaa |
yangalikaa |
kingalikaa |
vingalikaa |
ingalikaa |
zingalikaa |
ungalikaa |
kungalikaa |
pangalikaa |
mungalikaa |
| Negative |
nisingalikaa singalikaa |
tusingalikaa hatungalikaa |
usingalikaa hungalikaa |
msingalikaa hamngalikaa |
asingalikaa hangalikaa |
wasingalikaa hawangalikaa |
usingalikaa haungalikaa |
isingalikaa haingalikaa |
lisingalikaa halingalikaa |
yasingalikaa hayangalikaa |
kisingalikaa hakingalikaa |
visingalikaa havingalikaa |
isingalikaa haingalikaa |
zisingalikaa hazingalikaa |
usingalikaa haungalikaa |
kusingalikaa hakungalikaa |
pasingalikaa hapangalikaa |
musingalikaa hamungalikaa |
|
| Conditional Contrary to Fact |
| Positive |
ningelikaa |
tungelikaa |
ungelikaa |
mngelikaa |
angelikaa |
wangelikaa |
ungelikaa |
ingelikaa |
lingelikaa |
yangelikaa |
kingelikaa |
vingelikaa |
ingelikaa |
zingelikaa |
ungelikaa |
kungelikaa |
pangelikaa |
mungelikaa |
|
| General Relative |
| Positive |
nikaao |
tukaao |
ukaao |
mkaao |
akaao |
wakaao |
ukaao |
ikaao |
likaao |
yakaao |
kikaao |
vikaao |
ikaao |
zikaao |
ukaao |
kukaao |
pakaao |
mukaao |
| Negative |
nisiokaa |
tusiokaa |
usiokaa |
msiokaa |
asiokaa |
wasiokaa |
usiokaa |
isiokaa |
lisiokaa |
yasiokaa |
kisiokaa |
visiokaa |
isiokaa |
zisiokaa |
usiokaa |
kusiokaa |
pasiokaa |
musiokaa |
|
| Gnomic |
| Positive |
nakaa |
twakaa |
wakaa |
mwakaa |
akaa |
wakaa |
wakaa |
yakaa |
lakaa |
yakaa |
chakaa |
vyakaa |
yakaa |
zakaa |
wakaa |
kwakaa |
pakaa |
mwakaa |
|
| Perfect |
| Positive |
nimekaa |
tumekaa |
umekaa |
mmekaa |
amekaa |
wamekaa |
umekaa |
imekaa |
limekaa |
yamekaa |
kimekaa |
vimekaa |
imekaa |
zimekaa |
umekaa |
kumekaa |
pamekaa |
mumekaa |
|
| "Already" |
| Positive |
nimeshakaa |
tumeshakaa |
umeshakaa |
mmeshakaa |
ameshakaa |
wameshakaa |
umeshakaa |
imeshakaa |
limeshakaa |
yameshakaa |
kimeshakaa |
vimeshakaa |
imeshakaa |
zimeshakaa |
umeshakaa |
kumeshakaa |
pameshakaa |
mumeshakaa |
|
| "Not yet" |
| Negative |
sijakaa |
hatujakaa |
hujakaa |
hamjakaa |
hajakaa |
hawajakaa |
haujakaa |
haijakaa |
halijakaa |
hayajakaa |
hakijakaa |
havijakaa |
haijakaa |
hazijakaa |
haujakaa |
hakujakaa |
hapajakaa |
hamujakaa |
|
| "If/When" |
| Positive |
nikikaa |
tukikaa |
ukikaa |
mkikaa |
akikaa |
wakikaa |
ukikaa |
ikikaa |
likikaa |
yakikaa |
kikikaa |
vikikaa |
ikikaa |
zikikaa |
ukikaa |
kukikaa |
pakikaa |
mukikaa |
|
| "If not" |
| Negative |
nisipokaa |
tusipokaa |
usipokaa |
msipokaa |
asipokaa |
wasipokaa |
usipokaa |
isipokaa |
lisipokaa |
yasipokaa |
kisipokaa |
visipokaa |
isipokaa |
zisipokaa |
usipokaa |
kusipokaa |
pasipokaa |
musipokaa |
|
| Consecutive |
| Positive |
nikakaa |
tukakaa |
ukakaa |
mkakaa |
akakaa |
wakakaa |
ukakaa |
ikakaa |
likakaa |
yakakaa |
kikakaa |
vikakaa |
ikakaa |
zikakaa |
ukakaa |
kukakaa |
pakakaa |
mukakaa |
|
| Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |