absurd

See also: absürd

English

Etymology

First attested in 1557. From Middle French absurde, from Latin absurdus (“incongruous, dissonant, out of tune”),[1] from ab (“away from, out”) + surdus (“silent, deaf, dull-sounding”).[2] Compare surd.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /əbˈsɜːd/
  • (US) IPA(key): /æbˈsɝd/, /æbˈzɝd/, /əbˈsɝd/, /əbˈzɝd/
  • (Canada) IPA(key): /æbˈzɝd/
  • Rhymes: -ɜː(r)d
  • Audio (US)(file)

Adjective

absurd (comparative absurder or more absurd, superlative absurdest or most absurd)

  1. Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [First attested in the mid 16th century.][3]
    • 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part I, V-iv
      This proffer is absurd and reasonless.
    • ca. 1710, Alexander Pope
      This phrase absurd to call a villain great
    • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 17, in The Mirror and the Lamp:
      “Perhaps it is because I have been excommunicated. It's absurd, but I feel like the Jackdaw of Rheims.”  She winced and bowed her head. Each time that he spoke flippantly of the Church he caused her pain.
  2. (obsolete) Inharmonious; dissonant. [Attested only in the early 17th century.][3]
  3. Having no rational or orderly relationship to people's lives; meaningless; lacking order or value.
    • (Can we date this quote?) Adults have condemned them to live in what must seem like an absurd universe. - Joseph Featherstone
  4. Dealing with absurdism.

Usage notes

  • More and most absurd are the preferred or more common form of the comparable, as opposed to absurder and absurdest.
  • Among the synonyms:
    • Irrational is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an irrational course of life.
    • Foolish rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish enterprises.
    • Absurd rises still higher, denoting that which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc.
    • Preposterous rises still higher, and supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things; or, in plain terms, a "putting of the cart before the horse;" as, a preposterous suggestion, preposterous conduct, a preposterous regulation or law.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

absurd (plural absurds)

  1. (obsolete) An absurdity. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 17th century.][3]
  2. (philosophy, often preceded by the) The opposition between the human search for meaning in life and the inability to find any; the state or condition in which man exists in an irrational universe and his life has no meaning outside of his existence. [First attested in English in the early 20th century and first used in the mid-19th century in Danish by Kierkegaard.][3][4]

Derived terms

  • theatre of the absurd

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

References

  1. ↑ Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], →ISBN), page 7
  2. ↑ Philip Babcock Gove (editor), Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909], →ISBN), page 8
  3. 1 2 3 4 Lesley Brown (editor), The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition (Oxford University Press, 2003 [1933], →ISBN), page 10
  4. ↑ "Søren Kierkegaard" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Further reading

  • absurd in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • absurd in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911

Anagrams

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus.

Adjective

absurd (feminine absurda, masculine plural absurds, feminine plural absurdes)

  1. absurd

Derived terms

Noun

absurd m (plural absurds)

  1. absurdity

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus (“discordant, unreasonable”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /absurd/, [ɑbˈsuɐ̯ˀd̥]

Adjective

absurd (neuter absurd, plural and definite singular attributive absurde)

  1. absurd

Adverb

absurd

  1. absurdly

Derived terms

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin absurdus, possibly via French.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Adjective

absurd (comparative absurder, superlative absurdst)

  1. absurd

Inflection

Inflection of absurd
uninflected absurd
inflected absurde
comparative absurder
positive comparative superlative
predicative/adverbial absurdabsurderhet absurdst
het absurdste
indefinite m./f. sing. absurdeabsurdereabsurdste
n. sing. absurdabsurderabsurdste
plural absurdeabsurdereabsurdste
definite absurdeabsurdereabsurdste
partitive absurdsabsurders—

German

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Adjective

absurd (comparative absurder, superlative am absurdesten)

  1. absurd

Declension

Comparative forms of absurd
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist absurder sie ist absurder es ist absurder sie sind absurder
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative absurderer absurdere absurderes absurdere
genitive absurderen absurderer absurderen absurderer
dative absurderem absurderer absurderem absurderen
accusative absurderen absurdere absurderes absurdere
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der absurdere die absurdere das absurdere die absurderen
genitive des absurderen der absurderen des absurderen der absurderen
dative dem absurderen der absurderen dem absurderen den absurderen
accusative den absurderen die absurdere das absurdere die absurderen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein absurderer eine absurdere ein absurderes (keine) absurderen
genitive eines absurderen einer absurderen eines absurderen (keiner) absurderen
dative einem absurderen einer absurderen einem absurderen (keinen) absurderen
accusative einen absurderen eine absurdere ein absurderes (keine) absurderen

Further reading

Luxembourgish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus.

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Adjective

absurd (masculine absurden, neuter absurd, comparative méi absurd, superlative am absurdsten)

  1. absurd

Declension

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus.

Adjective

absurd (neuter singular absurd, definite singular and plural absurde)

  1. absurd

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus.

Adjective

absurd (neuter singular absurd, definite singular and plural absurde)

  1. absurd

References

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈap.surt/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

absurd m inan

  1. nonsense
    Jego propozycje to jeden wielki absurd.
    His suggestions are one big load of nonsense.

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

  • absurd in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French absurde, Latin absurdus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /abˈsurd/

Adjective

absurd m, n (feminine singular absurdă, masculine plural absurzi, feminine and neuter plural absurde)

  1. absurd

Declension

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin absurdus.

Adjective

absurd

  1. absurd

Declension

Inflection of absurd
Indefinite Positive Comparative Superlative2
Common singular absurd absurdare absurdast
Neuter singular absurt absurdare absurdast
Plural absurda absurdare absurdast
Definite Positive Comparative Superlative
Masculine singular1 absurde absurdare absurdaste
All absurda absurdare absurdaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
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