-in

See also: Appendix:Variations of "in"

English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-in

  1. (biochemistry) Used, as a modification of -ine, to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin), carbohydrates (dextrin), dyes (alizarin) and others (vanillin).

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:English_words_suffixed_with_-in'>English words suffixed with -in</a>

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

Suffix

-in

  1. (proscribed, dialect or eye dialect) Alternative form of -ing

Anagrams

Chuukese

Suffix

-in

  1. of
    Synonym: -en

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪn/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *-inъ.

Suffix

-in f

  1. Suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals.
    matčin bratr ― mother's brother
Declension

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Czech_words_suffixed_with_-in'>Czech words suffixed with -in</a>

Further reading

Etymology 2

From Latin -īnus, from Ancient Greek -ινος (-inos).

Suffix

-in m inan

  1. (chemistry) -ine (suffix used to form names of chemical substances)
    adenin ― adenine
    olomoucin ― olomoucine
Declension

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Suffix

-in f (plural -innen, diminutive -innetje)

  1. Forms nouns for the female counterpart of something.
    Synonyms: -e, -egge, -es, -ster

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Dutch_words_suffixed_with_-in'>Dutch words suffixed with -in</a>

Finnish

Etymology 1

Suffix

-in

  1. Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-in

  1. Instructive case suffix.
    kaksin käsin ― with two hands
    paljain silmin ― with bare eyes
    pitkin askelin ― with long steps
    hyvissä ajoin ― in good time
Usage notes

No distinction is made between singular and plural, the -i- is always present. The suffix is added by replacing the inessive plural ending -ssa/-ssä with -n.

Etymology 3

Suffix

-in

  1. (poetic) A variant for the first-person singular possessive suffix -ni.
    rakkaani = rakkain

Etymology 4

Suffix

-in

  1. (rare) Forms the genitive plural.
Usage notes
  • Suffixed to the nominative singular but the final -i changes to -e-.
  • Note, however, that the more common suffix for the genitive plural is -en added to the plural stem ending with i or j. A link consonant d is also sometimes present.
  • Nowadays this suffix is rare and usually gives an archaic tone. Certain proper nouns, however, retain this, e.g. Yhdysvaltain, from Yhdysvallat ("United States", singular stem Yhdysvalta-), where also the more modern form Yhdysvaltojen is possible.
See also

Etymology 5

Suffix

-in

  1. Forms superlative adjectives.
    heikko (“weak”) + ‎-in → ‎heikoin (“weakest”)
    matala (“low, shallow”) + ‎-in → ‎matalin (“lowest, shallowest”)
    ruma (“ugly”) + ‎-in → ‎rumin (“ugliest”)
    suuri (“large, big”) + ‎-in → ‎suurin (“largest, biggest”)
Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36/sisin, mp-mm gradation)
nominative -in -immat
genitive -imman -impien
-inten
partitive -inta -impia
illative -impaan -impiin
singular plural
nominative -in -immat
accusative nom. -in -immat
gen. -imman
genitive -imman -impien
-inten
-impainrare
partitive -inta -impia
inessive -immassa -immissa
elative -immasta -immista
illative -impaan -impiin
adessive -immalla -immilla
ablative -immalta -immilta
allative -immalle -immille
essive -impana -impina
translative -immaksi -immiksi
instructive — -immin
abessive -immatta -immitta
comitative — -impine

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36/sisin, mp-mm gradation)
nominative -in -immät
genitive -immän -impien
-inten
partitive -intä -impiä
illative -impään -impiin
singular plural
nominative -in -immät
accusative nom. -in -immät
gen. -immän
genitive -immän -impien
-inten
-impäinrare
partitive -intä -impiä
inessive -immässä -immissä
elative -immästä -immistä
illative -impään -impiin
adessive -immällä -immillä
ablative -immältä -immiltä
allative -immälle -immille
essive -impänä -impinä
translative -immäksi -immiksi
instructive — -immin
abessive -immättä -immittä
comitative — -impine
See also

Etymology 6

From Proto-Finnic *-in.

Suffix

-in

  1. Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
    avata (“to open”) + ‎-in → ‎avain (“key”)
    keittää (“to cook, boil”) + ‎-in → ‎keitin (“appliance for cooking/boiling”)
    puhella (“to chat, chatter”) + ‎-in → ‎puhelin (“telephone”)

Declension

Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)
nominative -in -imet
genitive -imen -imien
-inten
partitive -inta -imia
illative -imeen -imiin
singular plural
nominative -in -imet
accusative nom. -in -imet
gen. -imen
genitive -imen -imien
-inten
partitive -inta -imia
inessive -imessa -imissa
elative -imesta -imista
illative -imeen -imiin
adessive -imella -imilla
ablative -imelta -imilta
allative -imelle -imille
essive -imena -imina
translative -imeksi -imiksi
instructive — -imin
abessive -imetta -imitta
comitative — -imineen

Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)

Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin, no gradation)
nominative -in -imet
genitive -imen -imien
-inten
partitive -intä -imiä
illative -imeen -imiin
singular plural
nominative -in -imet
accusative nom. -in -imet
gen. -imen
genitive -imen -imien
-inten
partitive -intä -imiä
inessive -imessä -imissä
elative -imestä -imistä
illative -imeen -imiin
adessive -imellä -imillä
ablative -imeltä -imiltä
allative -imelle -imille
essive -imenä -iminä
translative -imeksi -imiksi
instructive — -imin
abessive -imettä -imittä
comitative — -imineen

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Finnish_words_suffixed_with_-in'>Finnish words suffixed with -in</a>

See also

Anagrams

French

Etymology

From Latin -īnus, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɛ̃/

Suffix

-in

  1. adjectival suffix
    enfant (“child”) + ‎-in → ‎enfantin (“childish”)
  2. nominal suffix
    crotte (“animal dropping”) + ‎-in → ‎crottin (“manure”)

Derived terms

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɪn]

Etymology 1

From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn.

Alternative forms

Suffix

-in (plural -innen)

  1. creates the female form of animals or persons or occupations; umlaut takes place on some occasions
    Autor (“author”) + ‎-in → ‎Autorin (“female author”)
    Gott (“god”) + ‎-in → ‎Göttin (“female god (goddess)”)
    Hund (“dog”) + ‎-in → ‎Hündin (“female dog, she-dog (bitch)”)
    Katze (“cat”) + ‎-in → ‎Kätzin (“female cat, she-cat”)
    Sänger (“singer”) + ‎-in → ‎Sängerin (“female singer”)
    Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“female pastor”)
  2. (dated) names the wife of a person
    Pastor (“pastor”) + ‎-in → ‎Pastorin (“wife of a pastor”)
  3. (dated) creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)
    Schwarz (proper noun) → Schwarzin (a female person with the name Schwarz, that is the wife or daughter of someone named Schwarz)
    • 1743, Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Welche bishero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden […] Fünf und Dreyßigster Band Schle-Schwa, Leipzig & Hallle, p.2007:
    Schwartzin, (Sibylle) […] war eine Tochter Christian Schwartzens, […] gebohren 1621 […] und starb 1638 den 13 Jul.

Etymology 2

Suffix

-in (plural -ine)

  1. (chemistry) -yne; -ine

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:German_words_suffixed_with_-in'>German words suffixed with -in</a>

Ido

Suffix

-in

  1. See -in-.

Irish

Suffix

-in f

  1. (biochemistry) -in

Declension

Further reading

Japanese

Romanization

-in

  1. Rōmaji transcription of いん

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German -inne, -in, -īn. Compare German -in.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-in

  1. used to form the female versions of agent nouns

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Luxembourgish_words_suffixed_with_-in'>Luxembourgish words suffixed with -in</a>

Middle Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Dutch *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

Suffix

-in

  1. -en; creates adjectives for the material of which something is made.

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Middle_Dutch_words_suffixed_with_-in'>Middle Dutch words suffixed with -in</a>

Descendants

Northern Sami

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the essive case of a possessive adjective in *-j-.

Suffix

-in

  1. The ending of the comitative singular case.
Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Samic *-jnē, originally the plural essive form.

Suffix

-in

  1. The ending of the locative plural case.
Usage notes

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

Suffix

-īn

  1. used to create adjectives from nouns
    stein (“stone”) + ‎-īn → ‎steinīn (“made of stone”)
    gold (“gold”) + ‎-īn → ‎guldīn (“golden”)

Descendants

Tagalog

Verb Suffix

-in

  1. object trigger: to do something to a person or a thing
    Lulutuin ko ang isda. ― I will cook the fish.
    (The fish is focused.)
  2. directional trigger: to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of
    Dinalaw namin ang lola ni Olivia. ― We visited the grandmother of Olivia.
    (The grandmother is focused.)
  3. actor trigger: to be affected or overtaken by a condition, feeling or phenomenon
    Binabaha ang bahay niya. ― His house is flooding.
    (His house is focused.)
  4. object trigger: (with root word reduplication) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
    Iniisip-isip ko minsan ang nakaraan ko. ― I sometimes think about my past a bit.
    (My past is focused.)

Adjective Suffix

-in

  1. prone to, susceptible to
    lagnat (“fever”) + ‎-in → ‎lagnatin (“prone to fever”)
    sakit (“illness”) + ‎-in → ‎sakitin (“prone to illness”)

Suffix

-in

  1. an object of the action expressed by the root
    awit (“singing, song”) + ‎-in → ‎awitin (“song”)
    aral (“lesson, studying”) + ‎-in → ‎aralin (“studies”)

Usage notes

  • Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word end with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/.
    sabi + ‎-hin → ‎sabihin
    talo + ‎-nin → ‎talunin
  • Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
    sunod + ‎-in → ‎sundin
    kamit + ‎-in → ‎kamtin

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Tagalog_words_suffixed_with_-in'>Tagalog words suffixed with -in</a>

Turkish

Etymology 1

Suffix

-in

  1. Second-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.
    ev (“house”) + ‎-in → ‎evin (“your house”)
    ofis (“office”) + ‎-in → ‎ofisin (“your office”)
  2. Genitive case suffix for the nouns which end in a consonant
    öğretmen (“teacher”) + ‎-in → ‎öğretmenin (“teacher's/of the teacher”)

Usage notes

  • If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes -n (for the possession suffix)
    kedi + ‎-n → ‎kedin
  • It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün, -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word. (possession suffix)
    yüz + ‎-ün → ‎yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")
    saç + ‎-ın → ‎saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")
    yol + ‎-un → ‎yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")
  • If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".
    sebep + ‎-in → ‎sebebin
    köpek + ‎-in → ‎köpeğin
    çekiç + ‎-in → ‎çekicin
    senet + ‎-in → ‎senedin
  • It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
    beyin + ‎-in → ‎beynin
  • If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "n". (for the genitive case suffix)
    peri + ‎-nin → ‎perinin
  • It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
    Canberk + ‎-in → ‎Canberk'in

Etymology 2

Suffix

-in

  1. Reflexive suffix
    giy- (“to wear”) + ‎-in → ‎giyin- (“to dress oneself”)

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *-in, from Proto-Celtic *-īnos, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos.

Suffix

-in

  1. forms adjectives from nouns, usually nouns of material
  2. forms adjectives from other adjectives

References

  • “-in”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, 2014
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