虔

虔	U+8654, 虔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8654

← 虓
[U+8653]

CJK Unified Ideographs

處 →
[U+8655]

Translingual

Han character

虔 (radical 141 虍+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜心卜大 (YPYK), four-corner 2124₀, composition ⿸虍文)

act with reverence
reverent

References

KangXi: page 1073, character 17

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32686

Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2821, character 2

Unihan data for U+8654

Chinese

simp. and trad.		虔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虔
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (虔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
虔	*ɡren
鰬	*ɡren
榩	*ɡren

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qián (qian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kin⁴
Min Nan (POJ): khiân / kiân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qián
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ch'ien²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kin⁴
  - Yale: kìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kin⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰiːn²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiân
  - Tâi-lô: khiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qieen
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiân
  - Tâi-lô: kiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kieen
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /kiɛn²⁴/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiᴇn/▼

Rime
Character	虔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III
Fanqie	渠焉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gian/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛn/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛn/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qián

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ra[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡren/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qián
Middle Chinese	‹ gjen ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ra[n]/
English	kill; cut (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虔
Reading #	1/1
No.	10260
Phonetic component	虔
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	乾
Old Chinese	/*ɡren/
Notes	讀若矜

Definitions

虔

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Compounds

乾虔／干虔
展子虔
心虔志誠／心虔志诚
敬虔主義／敬虔主义
村虔
矯虔／矫虔

老虔婆
虔劉／虔刘
虔婆
虔婆勢／虔婆势
虔心
虔恪 (qiánkè)

虔敬 (qiánjìng)
虔虔
虔誠／虔诚 (qiánchéng)
鄭虔／郑虔
風虔／风虔

Japanese

Kanji

虔

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

respect

Readings

On (unclassified): けん (ken)
Kun: つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 虔む)

Korean

Hanja

虔 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

虔 (kiền)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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